Fanconi Syndrome Induced by Concomitant HIV PrEP and Tacrolimus.

Fanconi syndrome (FS) is a severe grade of drug-induced proximal tubule toxicity. There are numerous causes for acquired FS, and drug toxicity is one of the most common. FS is known to be associated with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).

Cardiovascular Benefit of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Therapeutics of Diabetes Mellitus: A Close Look beyond the Horizon.

Cardiovascular complications are among the main reasons for the high morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, making the management of cardiovascular complications an integral component in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Along the same line, the US Food and Drug Administration mandated all new diabetic drugs and therapies have a safe cardiovascular profile. Among various drugs available for the treatment against type 2 diabetes, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent a class of newly developed anti-diabetic agents with properties of mitigating cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cardiac Tumors: Clinical Perspective and Therapeutic Considerations.

Background: Cardiac tumors rare cardiac disorders with an overall incidence rate < 0.33%. Cardiac tumors can be classified as primary or secondary depending on the origins of tumors.