Utility of urinary biomarkers in primary haematuria: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of FDA-approved urinary biomarkers in the evaluation of primary haematuria for investigation of bladder cancer.

Methods: The scientific databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed and Web of Science were searched to collect studies. Studies that evaluated the diagnostic performance of FDA-approved urinary biomarkers in investigating patients with primary haematuria without a prior history of bladder cancer were included.