Multidimensional analysis of cortical interneuron synaptic features reveals underlying synaptic heterogeneity.

Cortical interneurons represent a diverse set of neuronal subtypes characterized in part by their striking degree of synaptic specificity. However, little is known about the extent of synaptic diversity because of the lack of unbiased methods to extract synaptic features among interneuron subtypes. Here, we develop an approach to aggregate image features from fluorescent confocal images of interneuron synapses and their post-synaptic targets, in order to characterize the heterogeneity of synapses at fine scale.

Human disease-specific cell signatures in non-lesional tissue in Multiple Sclerosis detected by single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.

Recent investigations of cell type changes in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) using single-cell profiling methods have focused on active lesional and peri-lesional brain tissue, and have implicated a number of peripheral and central nervous system cell types. However, an important question is the extent to which so-called "normal-appearing" non-lesional tissue in individuals with MS accumulate changes over the lifespan. Here, we compared post-mortem non-lesional brain tissue from donors with a pathological or clinical diagnosis of MS from the Religious Orders Study or Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohorts to age- and sex-matched brains from persons without MS (controls).

ICPUTRD: Image Cloud Platform for use in tagging and research on decomposition.

Human decomposition studies aim to understand the various factors influencing human decay to assess the deceased and develop postmortem interval (PMI) estimation methods. These types of studies are typically conducted through physical experiments examining the deceased; however, big data systems have the potential to transform how large-scale forensic anthropology research questions can be addressed with curated images of donors with known demographic, climatic, and postmortem historical data. This study introduces ICPUTRD (Image Cloud Platform for Use in Tagging and Research on Decomposition), a web-based software system, which enables forensic scientists to easily access, enhance (or curate), and analyze very large photographic collections documenting the longitudinal process of human decomposition.

Investigating the effects of age and prior military service on fluid and crystallized cognitive functions using virtual morris water maze (vMWM) and NIH Toolbox tasks.

Much of current knowledge of aging involves war veterans and research about age-related cognitive changes in veterans involves generalized or single function tests or health or neurological disorders. The current study examined military service within the context of comparisons of young and old humans involving generally healthy individuals to address normal age-associated cognitive changes. Adult participants included 11 young females (8 non-veterans; 3 veterans; 21-31 years), 5 young males (non-veterans, 21-24 years), 9 older females (non-veterans, 62-80 years), and 21 older males (11 non-veterans; 10 veterans; 60-86 years).

A cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord.

The mammalian spinal cord functions as a community of cell types for sensory processing, autonomic control, and movement. While animal models have advanced our understanding of spinal cellular diversity, characterizing human biology directly is important to uncover specialized features of basic function and human pathology. Here, we present a cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord using single-nucleus RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics and antibody validation.

St18 specifies globus pallidus projection neuron identity in MGE lineage.

The medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) produces both locally-projecting interneurons, which migrate long distances to structures such as the cortex as well as projection neurons that occupy subcortical nuclei. Little is known about what regulates the migratory behavior and axonal projections of these two broad classes of neurons. We find that St18 regulates the migration and morphology of MGE neurons in vitro.

Cell type-specific changes identified by single-cell transcriptomics in Alzheimer's disease.

The rapid advancement of single-cell transcriptomics in neurology has allowed for profiling of post-mortem human brain tissue across multiple diseases. Over the past 3 years, several studies have examined tissue from donors with and without diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting key changes in cell type composition and molecular signatures associated with pathology and, in some cases, cognitive decline. Although all of these studies have generated single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq or ATAC-seq data from the full array of major cell classes in the brain, they have each focused on changes in specific cell types.

Life satisfaction of Korean Vietnam War Veterans in later life: A lifespan approach.

The current study examined correlates of life satisfaction among Korean Vietnam War Veterans. The sample included 450 male Veterans from the Korean Vietnam War Veterans Study, surveyed by mail in 2013 (= 67.4 years old, = 3.

A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization.

Single-cell RNA sequencing data can unveil the molecular diversity of cell types. Cell type atlases of the mouse spinal cord have been published in recent years but have not been integrated together. Here, we generate an atlas of spinal cell types based on single-cell transcriptomic data, unifying the available datasets into a common reference framework.

DL4-μbeads induce T cell lineage differentiation from stem cells in a stromal cell-free system.

T cells are pivotal effectors of the immune system and can be harnessed as therapeutics for regenerative medicine and cancer immunotherapy. An unmet challenge in the field is the development of a clinically relevant system that is readily scalable to generate large numbers of T-lineage cells from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we report a stromal cell-free, microbead-based approach that supports the efficient in vitro development of both human progenitor T (proT) cells and T-lineage cells from CD34cells sourced from cord blood, GCSF-mobilized peripheral blood, and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).

Resilience in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socioecological Approach.

Objectives: We examined sources of vulnerability and resilience among older adults early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: We surveyed 235 respondents, 51-95 years old (M = 71.35; SD = 7.

Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenström in children.

Background: Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenström (HGPW), a rare cutaneous eruption characterized by the triad of recurrent episodes of lower extremity petechiae, symptoms of stinging and burning, and lower extremity edema, is poorly described in children. Some children have been reported to follow a benign course, while others are eventually diagnosed with fulminant rheumatologic disease.

Objectives: To determine the distinguishing features of HGPW including the spectrum of disease manifestations and clinical outcomes.

Topical probiotics: the unknowns behind their rising popularity.

Objective: Topical probiotics have been used for skin care and treatment since the early 20th century. Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic surge of commercially-available topical probiotic products. We conducted a systematic search of clinical data relating to the use of topical probiotics and identified relevant clinical and regulatory gaps.

Current and emerging therapies for hand eczema.

Although hand eczema (HE) and chronic hand eczema (CHE) are common conditions with significant disease burden, they traditionally have had limited treatment options beyond topical and short-term systemic corticosteroids. We reviewed published and preliminary evidence on the current and emerging topical and systemic therapeutic agents for HE and CHE. The etiologies of various HE subtypes are discussed, and remaining knowledge and practice gaps are highlighted to encourage further investigations.

A comparison of international management guidelines for atopic dermatitis.

Background/objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic condition that is predominantly found in pediatric patients and commonly presents therapeutic challenges. The management of AD encompasses a variety of factors, and the pillars of optimal management revolve around skin barrier repair and antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antipruritic treatment. AD management guidelines exist in various geographic regions globally.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.

Importance: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been reported as a serious complication of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Despite available diagnostic guidelines, it remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in this patient population.

Objectives: To examine the characteristics of CTCL associated with HLH and analyze the presenting signs and symptoms, therapeutic options, and outcome.

Temozolomide-induced inflammation of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis.

We report a case of temozolomide (TMZ)-induced inflammation of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), an uncommon and pre-malignant cutaneous disorder. Dermatologists and oncologists should be aware of this cutaneous eruption of DSAP associated with TMZ to prevent the discontinuation of effective medical therapy in cancer patients.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Disease Burden and Etiology in Skin of Color.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating skin disease. Although most studies on HS are conducted in largely Caucasian populations, evidence demonstrates a higher prevalence in patients with skin of color, including African and Hispanic populations. These racial subgroups are likely at risk for greater disease burden due to a higher prevalence of components of the metabolic syndrome, comorbid depression, and low socioeconomic status; however, there is a paucity of research in these populations.

Efficacy and safety of noncultured melanocyte-keratinocyte transplant procedure for vitiligo and other leukodermas: a critical analysis of the evidence.

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary skin of depigmentation occurring secondary to melanocyte destruction. Vitiligo and other leukodermas have a profound impact on quality of life. Current therapies include medical options, such as phototherapy, topical and systemic corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, immunomodulators, and antioxidiants, and surgical options.

Targeted treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of the current literature and ongoing clinical trials.

Purpose: Targeted, immune-modulating drugs are at the forefront of therapy for HS, and a comprehensive clinical trial registry is needed to facilitate data pooling and clinical efficacy comparison.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review of the ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for planned, in-progress, completed, or terminated trials investigating the effect of targeted biologic therapies for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).