Artificial Intelligence-Based Methodologies for Early Diagnostic Precision and Personalized Therapeutic Strategies in Neuro-Ophthalmic and Neurodegenerative Pathologies.

Advancements in neuroimaging, particularly diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), have significantly enhanced the early detection of biomarkers in neurodegenerative and neuro-ophthalmic disorders. These include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. This review highlights the transformative role of advanced diffusion MRI techniques-Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging-in identifying subtle microstructural changes in the brain and visual pathways that precede clinical symptoms.

Revealing inconsistencies between Epworth scores and apnea-hypopnea index when evaluating obstructive sleep apnea severity: a clinical retrospective chart review.

Introduction: A common practice in clinical settings is the use of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) to demonstrate the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, several instances were noted where there were discrepancies in the reported severity between Epworth scores and AHI in our patient sample, prompting an investigation into whether OSA severity as demonstrated by AHI or predicted by ESS quantification of sleepiness is primarily responsible for inconsistencies.

Methods: Discrepancies were examined between Epworth scores and AHI by categorizing patients into two categories of inconsistency: individuals with either ESS < 10 and AHI ≥ 15 events/h or ESS ≥ 10 and AHI < 15 events/h.