Central arterial stiffness in young adults with perinatal HIV exposure & infection.

Objective: To compare arterial stiffness between young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) and young adults perinatally HIV exposed but uninfected (YAPHEU).

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of pulse wave velocity (PWV) measures among participants with echocardiography in the PHACS Cardiac Toxicity Substudy.

Methods: A total of 150 participants (95 YAPHIV, 55 YAPHEU, mean 23.

Brief Report: Transition Preparation and Post-Transition Evaluation Practices at Adult Clinics That Care for Young Adults With Perinatally Acquired HIV in Massachusetts, United States.

Background: Most young adults with perinatal HIV (PHIV) transition from pediatric or adolescent to adult clinical care. Although guidelines to increase transition success have been recommended, we know little about uptake of these guidelines, particularly by adult care clinics.

Methods: We administered web-based surveys to adult care providers of young adults with PHIV in Massachusetts to evaluate transition preparation and post-transition evaluation practices.

Relationships of mitochondrial DNA mutations and select clinical diagnoses in perinatally HIV- and ART-exposed uninfected children.

The prevalence of pathogenic mutations within mitochondrial (mt) DNA of youth who were perinatally exposed to HIV and ART but remained uninfected (YHEU) were assessed relative to phenotypic clinical indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD). This was a cross-sectional, nested case-control study. A total of 144 cases met at least one clinical MtD definition and were matched with up to two controls each (n = 287).

First-trimester exposure to newer antiretroviral agents and congenital anomalies in a US cohort.

Objective: To characterize associations of exposure to newer antiretroviral medications in the first trimester with congenital anomalies among infants born to persons with HIV in the United States.

Design: Longitudinal cohort of infants born 2012-2022 to pregnant persons with HIV enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study.

Methods: First-trimester exposures to newer antiretrovirals (ARVs) were abstracted from maternal medical records.

Phosphaturia in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Neonates Associated with Maternal Use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Late Pregnancy.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is often used in treating pregnant women living with HIV. Third-trimester TDF exposure is associated with a 12% reduction in bone mineral content in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) neonates. The potential mechanisms underlying this observation are unknown.

Co-designing a telepractice journey map with disability customers and clinicians: Partnering with users to understand challenges from their perspective.

Introduction: Telepractice has the potential to align with the directive to reduce inequalities by United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10. Telepractice additionally addresses a national digital health strategic plan for accessible digitally enabled models of care. To plan improvements, it is essential to understand the experience of telepractice for people with disability, which may be achieved through an approach such as journey mapping.

Histogram equalization using a selective filter.

Many popular modern image processing software packages implement a naïve form of histogram equalization. This implementation is known to produce histograms that are not truly uniform. While exact histogram equalization techniques exist, these may produce undesirable artifacts in some scenarios.

Association of Perceived Social Support with Viral Suppression Among Young Adults with Perinatally-Acquired HIV in the US-based Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS).

Purpose: To determine the relationship between perceived social support and viral suppression among young adults with perinatally-acquired HIV (YAPHIV).

Participants And Methods: We included YAPHIV ≥18 years enrolled in AMP Up, a study of PHACS (Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study), with social support evaluations and ≥1 HIV viral load (VL) measured over the next year. We evaluated emotional, instrumental, and friendship social support via the NIH Toolbox.

Dataset of mechanical properties of coarse aggregates stabilized with traditional and nontraditional additives: Stiffness, deformation, resistance to freezing and stripping.

The dataset derives from a thorough laboratory characterization of all existing stabilization technologies suitable for coarse-graded aggregates. They include two traditional binders (based on cement and bitumen) and eleven nontraditional binders (based on brine salt, clay, organic non-petroleum, organic petroleum and synthetic polymer). The dataset derives from four laboratory test operations: repeated load triaxial test performed both before and after exposing the investigated samples to ten freeze-thaw cycles, weight measurement of Marshall specimens during ten freeze-thaw cycles and a modified version of rolling bottle test.

Analyzing Longitudinally Collected Viral Load Measurements in Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection: Problems and Possible Remedies.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) is an important quantitative marker of disease progression and treatment response in people living with HIV infection, including children with perinatally acquired HIV. Measures of VL are often used to predict different outcomes of interest in this population, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. One popular approach to summarizing historical viral burden is the area under a time-VL curve (AUC).

Comparing shared decision making using a paper and digital consent process. A multi-site, single centre study in a trauma and orthopaedic department.

Introduction: The importance of shared decision making (SDM) for informed consent has been emphasised in the updated regulatory guidelines. Errors of completion, legibility and omission have been associated with paper-based consent forms. We introduced a digital consent process and compared it against a paper-based process for quality and patient reported involvement in shared decision making.

Growth and CD4 patterns of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV worldwide, a CIPHER cohort collaboration analysis.

Introduction: Adolescents living with HIV are subject to multiple co-morbidities, including growth retardation and immunodeficiency. We describe growth and CD4 evolution during adolescence using data from the Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) global project.

Methods: Data were collected between 1994 and 2015 from 11 CIPHER networks worldwide.

Dataset regarding calcium bentonite and sodium bentonite as stabilizers for roads unbound.

The collected dataset derives from the laboratory testing of bentonite clay investigated as a stabilization technology for the unbound layers of road pavements. The effect of two kinds of bentonite (calcium based and sodium based) are assessed on two aggregate types commonly used as road construction materials. The investigation program, performed by means of repeated load triaxial tests, encompasses the different combinations of bentonite and aggregate types; two replicate specimens are tested dried for each condition.

Dataset regarding the mechanical properties of roads unbound treated with synthetic fluid based on isoalkane and tall oil.

The dataset revolves around the laboratory testing of an innovative additive technology for possible stabilization of unbound courses in road pavements. The product is a synthetic fluid based on isoalkane and tall oil pitch. Two test types are performed.

Associations of FGF21 and GDF15 with mitochondrial dysfunction in children living with perinatally-acquired HIV: A cross-sectional evaluation of pediatric AIDS clinical trials group 219/219C.

Background: In persons living with HIV, mitochondrial disease (MD) is difficult to diagnose, as clinical signs are non-specific with inconsistent patterns. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are mitokines elevated in MD patients without HIV, and associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities in adults living with HIV. We assessed relationships of these biomarkers with MD in children living with perinatally-acquired HIV infection (CPHIV).

Growth patterns of uninfected children born to women living with perinatally versus nonperinatally acquired HIV.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare long-term growth between HIV-exposed uninfected children (CHEU) born to women with perinatally acquired HIV (CHEU-PHIV) and CHEU born to women with nonperinatally acquired HIV (CHEU-NPHIV).

Design: A longitudinal analysis of anthropometric measurements from a U.S.

An Investigation into the Perceptions of Veterinarians towards Perioperative Pain Management in Calves.

While veterinarians are instrumental to the welfare of calves (), limited knowledge exists concerning veterinary perceptions towards perioperative pain management in calves. As a part of a larger, nationwide study investigating the perceptions of veterinarians towards calf welfare, the current work sought to quantify veterinary perceptions towards perioperative pain management, including barriers to its use, and investigate demographic influences affecting those perceptions. An electronic mixed-methods survey was completed by 104 veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Council of New Zealand.

Immunologic and Virologic Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in the United States.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality than HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) infants. Few studies have examined whether particular infections and/or immune responses are associated with hospitalization among HEU infants born in the United States.

Methods: We evaluated a subset of HEU infants enrolled in the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1025 and/or Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities studies.

Mutations that confer resistance to broadly-neutralizing antibodies define HIV-1 variants of transmitting mothers from that of non-transmitting mothers.

Despite considerable reduction of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV through use of maternal and infant antiretroviral therapy (ART), over 150,000 infants continue to become infected with HIV annually, falling far short of the World Health Organization goal of reaching <20,000 annual pediatric HIV cases worldwide by 2020. Prior to the widespread use of ART in the setting of pregnancy, over half of infants born to HIV-infected mothers were protected against HIV acquisition. Yet, the role of maternal immune factors in this protection against vertical transmission is still unclear, hampering the development of synergistic strategies to further reduce MTCT.

Longitudinal changes in epigenetic age in youth with perinatally acquired HIV and youth who are perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected.

Objectives: To quantify the rate of change in epigenetic age compared with chronological age over time in youth with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV) and youth who are perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected (YPHEU).

Design: Longitudinal study of 32 YPHIV and 8 YPHEU with blood samples collected at two time points at least 3 years apart.

Methods: DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array and epigenetic age was calculated using the Horvath method.

An Investigation into the Perceptions of Veterinarians towards Calf Welfare in New Zealand.

Despite recent legislative amendments to address areas of highest risk to the welfare of calves () in New Zealand, there are prevailing concerns that animal welfare science knowledge has not been adopted in practice. As a part of a larger, nationwide study investigating the perceptions of veterinarians towards calf welfare, the aim of the current work was to investigate the perceptions of veterinarians towards the level of welfare protection afforded to young "bobby" calves in New Zealand. This study also explored concerns for welfare compromise and identified barriers to welfare-related change for calves more generally.

Genomics Links Inflammation With Neurocognitive Impairment in Children Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1.

Background: We identified host single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 217 PHIV with cognitive score for age (CSA) < 70 and 247 CSA ≥ 70 (discovery cohort [DC]). SNVs identified in DC were evaluated in 2 validation cohorts (VC).