Racial Residential Segregation and Mental Health During Pregnancy.

Importance: Research suggests the social, physical, and socioeconomic contexts of residing in segregated neighborhoods may negatively affect mental health.

Objective: To assess the association between racial residential segregation and prenatal mental health among Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White individuals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated health care delivery system.

Association of Local Cannabis Policy and Retail Availability With Cannabis Use and Problematic Cannabis Use Among Adolescents in Northern California.

To examine whether local cannabis policies and retail availability are associated with cannabis use and problematic cannabis use (PCU) among adolescents in Northern California. The sample comprised adolescents aged 13 to 17 years screened for past-year cannabis use during well-child visits in 2021. Exposures included local bans on cannabis storefront retailers, policy protectiveness, and retail proximity and density.

Preservation of functionality, immunophenotype, and recovery of HIV RNA from PBMCs cryopreserved for more than 20 years.

Background: Many research laboratories have long-term repositories of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which are costly to maintain but are of uncertain utility for immunological studies after decades in storage. This study investigated preservation of cell surface phenotypes and functional capacity of PBMC from viraemic HIV+ patients and healthy seronegative control subjects, after more than 20 years of cryopreservation.

Methods: PBMC were assessed by 18-colour flow cytometry for major lymphocyte subsets within T, B, NK, and dendritic cells and monocytes.

Thermo-rheological and kinetic characterization and modeling of an epoxy vitrimer based on polyimine exchange.

The present study describes the development of cure kinetics and chemo-rheological models for an epoxy vitrimer based on polyimine exchange to elucidate the potential in terms of processing and accurate process selection. Reaction kinetics is investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. A good agreement between the model and data can be demonstrated for different stoichiometries by selecting a parallel reaction approach consisting of an th-order and an autocatalytic approach.

Who's most at risk? A person-centered approach to understanding the long-term relationship between early social media use and later depression across adolescence.

Introduction: Person-centered analyses examined the relationship between social media use and depression over an 8-year period. The purpose was to examine the varying ways early social media use was associated with the development of depressive symptoms with a hypothesis that social media would not have a uniform association with depressive symptoms across adolescents.

Methods: Participants included 488 adolescents (52% female), living in the United States, who were surveyed once a year for 8 years (beginning in 2010 when the average age for participants was 13.

Hospital Readmissions Among Patients Experiencing Homelessness: An Electronic Health Record Data Study.

Background: Population-level tracking of hospital use patterns with integrated care organizations in patients experiencing homelessness has been difficult. A California law implemented in 2019 (Senate Bill 1152) aimed to ensure safety for this population after discharge from the hospital by requiring additional documentation for patients experiencing homelessness, which provides an opportunity to evaluate hospital use by this population.

Methods: In a large integrated health system in California, patients experiencing homelessness were identified through documentation change requirements associated with this law and compared with a matched group from the general population.

Fibrinogen Early In Severe Trauma studY (FEISTY): results from an Australian multicentre randomised controlled pilot trial.

Haemorrhage is a major cause of death in severe trauma. Fibrinogen plays a critical role in maintaining haemostasis in traumatic haemorrhage, and early replacement using fibrinogen concentrate (FC) or cryoprecipitate (Cryo) is recommended by several international trauma guidelines. Limited evidence supports one product over the other, with widespread geographic and institutional variation in practice.

Mental health at religious and non-religious universities: Examining the role of student religiousness and sexual/gender minority identity.

Background: Religiousness is often related to positive mental health for university students. Yet this may not hold for sexual and gender minority (SGM) students at religious universities. Some studies find religiousness protective for SGM students, some find no relationship, and some find religiousness a risk.

Expanding the Geographic Boundaries of Melioidosis in Queensland, Australia.

Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Although this environmental organism is endemic in certain regions of Australia, it is not considered endemic in Southern Queensland, where the last case was reported 21 years ago. We report a climate change-associated outbreak of melioidosis occurring during two La Niña events in a region previously considered nonendemic for B.

Identifying Predictors of Homelessness Among Adults in a Large Integrated Health System in Northern California.

Introduction Homelessness contributes to worsening health and increased health care costs. There is little published research that leverages rich electronic health record (EHR) data to predict future homelessness risk and inform interventions to address it. The authors' objective was to develop a model for predicting future homelessness using individual EHR and geographic data covariates.

Effect of flow change on brain injury during an experimental model of differential hypoxaemia in cardiogenic shock supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Differential hypoxaemia (DH) is common in patients supported by femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) and can cause cerebral hypoxaemia. To date, no models have studied the direct impact of flow on cerebral damage. We investigated the impact of V-A ECMO flow on brain injury in an ovine model of DH.

Using Peer Support to Prevent Diabetes: Results of a Pragmatic RCT.

Introduction: High-contact structured diabetes prevention programs are effective in lowering weight and HbA1cs, yet their intensity level can create barriers to participation. Peer support programs improve clinical outcomes among adults with Type 2 diabetes, but their effectiveness in diabetes prevention is unknown. This study examined whether a low-intensity peer support program improved outcomes more than enhanced usual care in a diverse population with prediabetes.

Acute stress reduces population-level metabolic and proteomic variation.

Background: Variation in omics data due to intrinsic biological stochasticity is often viewed as a challenging and undesirable feature of complex systems analyses. In fact, numerous statistical methods are utilized to minimize the variation among biological replicates.

Results: We demonstrate that the common statistics relative standard deviation (RSD) and coefficient of variation (CV), which are often used for quality control or part of a larger pipeline in omics analyses, can also be used as a metric of a physiological stress response.

COVID-19 Stress, Religious Affiliation, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Adolescents.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between religious affiliation, stressors due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and mental health challenges in a representative sample of adolescents.

Methods: The sample was composed of 71,001 Utah adolescents who participated in a survey by the Utah Department of Health in 2021. Data are representative of all Utah adolescents in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12.

Who is Most at Risk for Developing Physical Aggression After Playing Violent Video Games? An Individual Differences Perspective From Early Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood.

Many theories of development suggest that playing violent video games would not impact all adolescents the same way, yet empirical research is sparse. To date there have been no within-subjects analyses that examine which adolescents are most at risk for developing aggression after playing violent video games and under what context, and no longitudinal studies encompassing multiple developmental stages (i.e.

Address Changes Are Associated With Unmet Glycemic Targets: Opportunities to Improve Processes and Outcomes of Care Among People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction The objective of this study was to identify and operationalize measures of potential housing insecurity within existing electronic health record data and to quantify the association between address changes and diabetes management goals among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to measure potential housing insecurity in electronic health record data by quantifying the number of address changes in 2018. We considered at least one address change as a potential marker for housing insecurity.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training With Music Therapy Interventions for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Quasi-Experimental Nonequivalent Control-Group Pilot Study.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) improves emotion regulation by building skills in mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare a DBT skills group with a combined DBT skills and music therapy (MT) group on participant outcomes of attendance, participation, skill practice, and skill knowledge, as well as determine feasibility of study procedures. We used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control-group design with all groups co-led by a psychologist and a music therapist.

Recovery of organ-specific tissue oxygen delivery at restrictive transfusion thresholds after fluid treatment in ovine haemorrhagic shock.

Background: Fluid resuscitation is the standard treatment to restore circulating blood volume and pressure after massive haemorrhage and shock. Packed red blood cells (PRBC) are transfused to restore haemoglobin levels. Restoration of microcirculatory flow and tissue oxygen delivery is critical for organ and patient survival, but these parameters are infrequently measured.

An innovative ovine model of severe cardiopulmonary failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Refractory cardiogenic shock (CS) often requires veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) to sustain end-organ perfusion. Current animal models result in heterogenous cardiac injury and frequent episodes of refractory ventricular fibrillation. Thus, we aimed to develop an innovative, clinically relevant, and titratable model of severe cardiopulmonary failure.

Association of Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality With Sustained Long-Acting Insulin Only vs Long-Acting Plus Short-Acting Insulin Treatment.

Importance: Cardiovascular events and mortality are the principal causes of excess mortality and health care costs for people with type 2 diabetes. No large studies have specifically compared long-acting insulin alone with long-acting plus short-acting insulin with regard to cardiovascular outcomes.

Objective: To compare cardiovascular events and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving long-acting insulin who do or do not add short-acting insulin.

One Line of Sexual Decline? Growth Mixture Modeling for Midlife Sexual Satisfaction.

Most research has shown that sexual satisfaction in long-term relationships tends to decline over time. Studies showing the average trajectory, however, are limited by only assessing one slope. With longitudinal data from the Flourishing Families Project, Marital Instability Dataset, and the Iowa Youth and Families Project, we utilized growth mixture modeling to assess what trajectories of sexual satisfaction exist in midlife marriages.

An Ovine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation, to Assess Recovery of Tissue Oxygen Delivery and Oxygen Debt, and Inform Patient Blood Management.

Background: Aggressive fluid or blood component transfusion for severe hemorrhagic shock may restore macrocirculatory parameters, but not always improve microcirculatory perfusion and tissue oxygen delivery. We established an ovine model of hemorrhagic shock to systematically assess tissue oxygen delivery and repayment of oxygen debt; appropriate outcomes to guide Patient Blood Management.

Methods: Female Dorset-cross sheep were anesthetized, intubated, and subjected to comprehensive macrohemodynamic, regional tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), sublingual capillary imaging, and arterial lactate monitoring confirmed by invasive organ-specific microvascular perfusion, oxygen pressure, and lactate/pyruvate levels in brain, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle.