Spectral frequency index monitoring during propofol-remifentanil and propofol-alfentanil total intravenous anaesthesia.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of spectral frequency index (SFx) monitoring to assess the depth of anaesthesia during propofol-opioid total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA).

Methods: Thirty-three patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under propofol TIVA were prospectively and randomly allocated to receive either remifentanil (bolus of 1.0 microg/kg, followed by continuous infusion from 0.

Bioequivalence study of two losartan formulations administered orally in healthy male volunteers.

The bioavailability of a new losartan preparation (2-butyl-4-chloro-1-[p-(o-1H-tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]imidazole-5-methanol monopotassium salt, CAS 114798-26-4) was compared with the reference preparation of the drug in 24 healthy male volunteers, aged between 19 and 32. The open, randomized, single-blind two-sequence, two-period crossover study design was performed. Under fasting conditions, each subject received a single oral dose of 100 mg losartan as a test or reference formulation.

Comparative bioavailability study of two ibuprofen preparations after oral administration in healthy volunteers.

The bioavailability of a new ibuprofen (2-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid, CAS 15687-27-1) preparation was compared with a reference preparation of the drug in 23 healthy male volunteers, aged between 19 and 27. A single dose of 400 mg was given orally in the fasted state, using a randomized two-way crossover study. A washout period of two weeks separated both treatment periods.

Comparative bioavailability study of two preparations of letrozole in healthy subjects.

The bioavailability of a new letrozole (CAS 112809-51-5) preparation was compared with the reference preparation of the drug in 25 healthy volunteers, aged between 18 and 33. A single dose of 2.5 mg was given orally in the fasted state, using a randomized two-way, cross-over protocol.

[Metabolism of drugs. III. Genetic factors inducing and inhibiting metabolism].

In this review, a role of influence of some genetic factors on drug metabolism in liver was presented. The drug induction and inhibition of CYP enzymes whose activity is strictly genetically determined (slow and fast metabolizers), were extensively discussed. The influence of age (activity of microsomal enzymes in pediatric patients) and of food components (grapefruit juice inducing CYP enzymes) was also presented in this paper.

[Metabolism of drugs. II. The factors influencing metabolic reactions].

Among the factors influencing metabolic reactions leading to inactivation of the drugs the differences resulting from properties of the specific metabolic pathways, present in various species, alterations in hepatic enzymes activity, factors influencing the degree of xenobiotics binding to proteins (albumin, lipoproteins, and alphalacid glycoprotein) should be taken into consideration. Hepatic blood flow efficiency, age, sex and diseases, hormonal regulation (mainly glucocorticosteroids and thyroid) glanol are examples of factors exerting an influence on the metabolic reactions of the organism. Important role may also be assigned to lipid-free or low protein diet.

[Metabolism of drugs. I. Basic metabolic reactions].

Pharmacologic effect of the drug results from its metabolism to metabolites showing decreased lipophilic properties and increased solubility in water. Transformations leading to inactivation of the drug are usually conducted by microsomal enzymes combined with cytochrome P-450. Main types of the metabolic reactions involved in the metabolism of exogenous substances are: oxidative reactions, hydrolysis and coupling reactions (often called second phase reactions).

Phototoxicity of protoporphyrin IX, diarginine diprotoporphyrinate and N,N-diphenylalanyl protoporphyrin toward human fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro: effect of 5-methoxypsoralen.

The phototoxicity of two new porphyrin photosensitizers, diarginine diprotoporphyrinate (PP(Arg)2) and N,N-diphenylalanyl protoporphyrin (PP(Phe)2), and the synergistic effect of 5-methoxyposralen (5-MOP) have been studied in comparison with that of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Under ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation (lambda=365 nm), the phototoxicity of the porphyrins toward cultured human fibroblasts and keratinocytes decreases in the order: PPIX > PP(Arg)2 > PP(Phe)2. A synergistic effect of 5-MOP on the phototoxicity of PPIX, PP(Arg)2 and PP(Phe)2 has been observed.

Bioavailability study of drotaverine from capsule and tablet preparations in healthy volunteers.

The bioavailability of drotaverine (CAS 14009-24-6) was investigated after oral administration of a drotaverine capsule preparation (20 mg Droxa mite) and compared to that of a reference tablet preparation. The preparations were investigated in 23 healthy volunteers, aged between 20 and 27 years, according to a randomised two-way, cross-over design in the fasted state. Blood samples for determination of drotaverine plasma concentrations were collected at pre-defined time points up to 30 h following drug administration.

Pharmaceutical availability of betamethasone dipropionate and gentamicin sulfate from cream and ointment.

Kinetics of drug release from both compared preparations occuring as a cream and ointment, was in vitro studied. A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of betamethasone dipropionate in lipophylic bases. Analyses were performed using a PLRP column with a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water and ultraviolet detection at lambda = 254 nm.

Pharmaceutical availability of clobetasol-17-propionate from cream and ointment.

Kinetics of drug release from both compared preparations available as a cream and an ointment, was in vitro studied. A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of clobetasol-17-propionate in lipophylic bases using clobetasol-17-butyrate as an internal standard. Analyses were performed using a C18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of methanol-water and ultraviolet detection at lambda=254 nm.

Bioavailability of tramadol hydrochloride from tramadol--capsules 50 mg.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of tramadol hydrochloride after oral administration of Tramadol--50 mg capsules, made in Synteza Pharmaceutical-Chemical Company in Poznań. As a reference preparation of Tramadol was used Tramal--50 mg capsules, (Grünenthal, Germany). The preparations were investigated in 20 healthy volunteers, according to a randomised two-way, cross-over design in the fasted state.

Determination of pethidine in rabbit plasma by capillary gas chromatography.

A simple and fast gas chromatographic method for the determination of pethidine hydrochloride in rabbit plasma is described and validated. This method is an improvement on the GC method which uses a glass column, and was described previously by Koska et al. [Anaesth.

The influence of lidocaine on the permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in experimental acute hypercapnia in the rabbit.

In a previous study we have provided evidence, that acute experimental hypercapnia due to hypoventilation in the rabbit alters blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function in the brain (Pakulski et al. 1998). The purpose of this study therefore was to determine if lidocaine would prevent the observed alterations in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function.

[Carbamazepine presence in plasma lipoproteins].

The aim of this study was to define the disposition of carbamazepine (CBZ) in serum lipoproteins. The examination was conducted using the serum of 51 patients treated with carbamazepine the concentration of which was monitored 51 patients, 22 women and 29 men, 1.5-35 years old/mean 13.

[The evaluation of the bioavailability of isosorbide 5-mononitrate].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of isosorbide mononitrate (IS-5MN) after oral administration of Monocard 20 mg-capsules, made in "Synteza" â Pharmaceutical-Chemical Company in Poznań. Effox 20 mg, coated tablets from Schwarz Pharma, was used as an counterpart of Monocard 20 mg. The concentrations of IS-5MN in healthy volunteers' plasma were determined by using Hewlett Packard gas chromatography.

[Vitamin D3].

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vitamin D3 were described. Clinical aspects of application were also revealed.

[Pharmacokinetic aspects of geriatric therapy].

Some pharmacokinetic aspects of geriatric therapy were showed. Influence of alterations of physiological processes (changes of protein and lipid metabolism, failure of blood circulation and of renal function) in old age, on pharmacokinetics of drugs applied in geriatric pharmacotherapy (antibiotics, antiarrhythmic drugs, hypotensive drugs) were discussed. In this context, principles of rational pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients were proposed.

[Gentamicin level in the prostate and its pharmacokinetics in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy].

The study involved 15 male patients with periurethral prostatic adenoma without complete anuresis. The patients were given 80 mg of gentamicin intramuscularly one day before surgery and 80 mg in a one-hour infusion immediately before an operation. Gentamicin blood concentrations were measured.

[Evaluation of biological availability and anti-arrhythmic effect of a new drug Phenytoinum "Polfa"].

Studies were performed in 15 patients with ventricular arrhythmia. During the first day, the patients received 1000 mg of a new micronised form of Phenytoinum "Polfa" or adequate dose of a foreign drug in 3 doses every 3 hours and subsequently during 10 days alternatively native or foreign drug in a daily dose 300 mg. Twenty-four EKG Holter monitoring and determination of serum drug level were carried out after a 10-day treatment; area under the curve (AUC) in one 8 h dose interval was determined.