Disaggregation of Asian American and Pacific Islander Women With Stage 0-II Breast Cancer Unmasks Disparities in Survival and Surgery-to-Radiation Intervals: A National Cancer Database Analysis From 2004 to 2017.

Purpose: Aggregation of Asian Americans (AAs) with Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHPIs) masks significant health disparities. We evaluated overall survival (OS) and surgery-to-radiation intervals (STRIs) among AA and NHPI women with early-stage breast cancer.

Methods: This National Cancer Database study included women with stage 0-II breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2017.

Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Becoming a Medical Professional Among Underrepresented Undergraduate and Postbaccalaureate Learners.

Objective: To assess underrepresented undergraduate and postbaccalaureate learners' perceptions of (1) the medical field, (2) barriers that might prevent individuals from pursuing professional medical careers, and (3) resources that assist in overcoming these barriers.

Participants And Methods: A qualitative study with focus groups was designed to achieve the objective. Participants were recruited from a community initiative to provide early exploration of the medical field to disadvantaged and minority individuals.

Disparities and interventions in the timeliness of endometrial cancer diagnosis and treatment in the United States: a scoping review protocol.

Background: Disparities in the stage at diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC) account for a significant proportion of the disparities in morbidity and mortality experienced by vulnerable groups in the USA. Evidence suggests that disparities in timeliness of care and treatment play a significant role in stage at diagnosis. Despite an increase in literature on EC disparities, the issue remains largely unchanged.

Patterns of Recurrence and Modes of Progression After Metastasis-Directed Therapy in Oligometastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) is increasingly used in castration-sensitive oligometastatic prostate cancer because it prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) and androgen deprivation free survival. Here we describe patterns of recurrence and identify modes of progression after MDT using SABR.

Methods And Materials: Two hundred fifty-eight patients with castration-sensitive oligometastatic prostate cancer (≤5 lesions at staging) were retrospectively identified from a multi-institutional database.

Follow-up outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent surgical resection for lipoblastomas or lipoblastomatosis: a single-institution experience with a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the long-term outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent surgical resection for lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis (LB/LBM).

Methods: A single-center retrospective study of pediatric patients with LB/LBMs seen between 1991 and 2015 was conducted. A systematic review, including studies published prior to late August 2018, was performed.

Etiologies and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis at a Tertiary PICU.

Objectives: To assess the etiologies and outcomes of patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the PICU.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: A single PICU at a pediatric tertiary hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam.

A qualitative study of healthcare-related experiences of non-smoking women with lung cancer.

Purpose: Lung cancer in non-smoking women is a distinct entity, but few studies have examined these patients' healthcare-related experiences.

Methods: Women with lung cancer and with no smoking history underwent a face-to-face semi-structured, audio-recorded interview that was analyzed with a qualitative inductive approach.

Results: Twenty-three patients were interviewed, and three themes emerged.

Older-Patient-Specific Cancer Trials: A Pooled Analysis of 2,277 Patients (A151715).

Background: Less than 3% of older patients with cancer are enrolled in clinical trials. To reverse this underrepresentation, we compared older patients enrolled with older-patient-specific trials, defined as those designed for older patients with cancer, with those enrolled in age-unspecified trials.

Materials And Methods: We focused on individual patient data from those ≥65 years (younger patients excluded) and included all Alliance phase III adjuvant breast cancer trials from 1985-2012.

The utility of apparent diffusion coefficients for predicting treatment response to uterine arterial embolization for uterine leiomyomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, which are derived from diffusion-weighted imaging, have a potential role for predicting treatment response. A systematic review was conducted to examine the value of baseline ADC values for predicting leiomyoma size reduction after uterine arterial embolization (UAE).

Methods: Study selection, quality appraisal and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors.

Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Respiratory Tract Infections in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: Vitamin D supplementation may be a simple preventive measure against respiratory tract infections (RTIs) but evidence from randomized controlled trials is inconclusive. We aimed to systematically summarize results from interventions studying the protective effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical and laboratory confirmed RTIs in healthy adults and children.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL were screened from inception until present (last updated in January 2016) completed by a search of the grey literature, clinical trial registers and conference abstracts.

Predictors of 5-year local, regional, and distant recurrent events in a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients.

Background: The study purpose was to identify tumor and surgeon predictors of local recurrence (LR), regional recurrence (RR), and distant metastasis (DM) after breast cancer (BC) surgery in a population-based cohort.

Methods: Consecutive BC surgical cases from 12 hospitals in South Central Ontario between May 2006 and October 2006 were included. Data collected on chart review included patient and tumor factors, surgery type, adjuvant treatment, surgeon specialty, surgeon case volume, and practice type.

The Utility of Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Interventional Radiology.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of peripheral nerve blocks, the use of peripheral nerve block within and outside interventional radiology, and the complications of peripheral nerve block.

Conclusion: Interventional radiologists are often responsible for sedation and pain management in the majority of interventional radiology procedures. Peripheral nerve block is increasingly being used in interventional radiology.

Impact of research investment on scientific productivity of junior researchers.

There is a demand for providing evidence on the effectiveness of research investments on the promotion of novice researchers' scientific productivity and production of research with new initiatives and innovations. We used a mixed method approach to evaluate the funding effect of the New Investigator Fund (NIF) by comparing scientific productivity between award recipients and non-recipients. We reviewed NIF grant applications submitted from 2004 to 2013.

Impact of Surgical Waitlist on Quality of Life.

Prolonged surgical wait times have been associated with reduced quality of life (QoL) in patients requiring orthopedic surgery. However, the effects on patients awaiting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery remains to be established. Here, it is determined that being on a waitlist for ACL reconstruction surgery reduces patients' QoL through negatively impacting disability, physical, and emotional health.

Exploring predictors of surgery and comparing operative treatment approaches for pediatric intracranial arachnoid cysts: a case series of 83 patients.

Object: Although intracranial arachnoid cysts are a common incidental finding on pediatric brain imaging, only a subset of patients require surgery for them. For the minority who undergo surgery, the comparative effectiveness of various surgical approaches is debated. The authors explored predictors of surgery and compared operative techniques for pediatric patients with an intracranial arachnoid cyst seen at a tertiary care center.

Risk factors for pneumothorax complicating radiofrequency ablation for lung malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To assess the potential risk factors for pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary radiofrequency (RF) ablation.

Materials And Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2014 for studies assessing potential patient-related, tumor-related, or treatment-related risk factors for pneumothorax during pulmonary RF ablation. Study selection, data collection, and quality assessment were done by three independent reviewers.

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Stress Fractures in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been associated with stress fractures in various physically active populations such as the military.

Purpose: To examine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and stress fractures in the military.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

A cosmesis outcome substudy in a prospective, randomized trial comparing radioguided seed localization with standard wire localization for nonpalpable, invasive, and in situ breast carcinomas.

Background: The primary study objective was to compare the cosmetic result of radioguided seed localization (RSL) with wire localization (WL).

Methods: A subgroup of patients enrolled in a multicentered, randomized trial comparing WL with RSL participated. Frontal photographs were taken 1 and 3 years postsurgery.

Bacterial peptidoglycan stimulates adipocyte lipolysis via NOD1.

Obesity is associated with inflammation that can drive metabolic defects such as hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Specific metabolites can contribute to inflammation, but nutrient intake and obesity are also associated with altered bacterial load in metabolic tissues (i.e.