Novel Peptidomimetic Cyclo-{E(I)-E(W)}Na (CP-88) with Hematopoietic Activity Sustained in Invasive and Oral Administration: Experimental and Preclinical Evaluation.

Over the last decades, significant progress has been made in studying agonistic and antagonistic hematopoietic peptides. The main disadvantage of this class of peptides is their low stability with noninvasive administration methods, which limits the widespread use of hematopoiesis-regulated peptide drugs in medical practice. The aim of this work is to study novel peptidomimetics with hematopoietic activity sustained in invasive and oral administration.

Melatonin Receptors and Serotonin: Age-Related Changes in the Ovaries.

Introduction: Melatonin and serotonin can influence certain aging processes in the ovaries. The main melatonin receptors are represented by types MT1 and MT2. The goal of investigation.

Endovascular Recanalization and Carotid Stenting: The New Approach to Restore Cerebral Perfusion during Aortic Dissection.

Unlabelled: A type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a dangerous condition requiring emergency surgery. Due to the similarity of the symptoms of cerebral malperfusion in TAAD and the signs of ischemic stroke, a differential diagnosis of these diseases is not always available. Patients with TAAD after cerebral malperfusion can have a neurological deficit.

Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype of Cardiovascular System Cells and Inflammaging: Perspectives of Peptide Regulation.

A senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and a mild inflammatory response characteristic of senescent cells (inflammaging) form the conditions for the development of cardiovascular diseases: atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. The purpose of the review is to analyze the pool of signaling molecules that form SASP and inflammaging in cells of the cardiovascular system and to search for targets for the action of vasoprotective peptides. The SASP of cells of the cardiovascular system is characterized by a change in the synthesis of anti-proliferative proteins (p16, p19, p21, p38, p53), cytokines characteristic of inflammaging (IL-1α,β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNFα, TGFβ1, NF-κB, MCP), matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and sirtuins.

The Blood-Brain Barrier in Neuroimmune Interactions and Pathological Processes.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a kind of filter, highly selective in relation to various types of substances. The BBB supports the immune status of the brain and is an important regulator of neuroimmune interactions. Some of the molecular and cellular features of the BBB, as well as the five main pathways of neuroimmune communication mediated by the BBB, are analyzed in this article.

Transport of Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides Using POT and LAT Carriers.

Ultrashort peptides (USPs), consisting of 2-7 amino-acid residues, are a group of signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis under normal conditions in various diseases and ageing. USPs serve as a basis for the development of drugs with a targeted mechanism of action. The purpose of this review is to systematize the available data on USP transport involving POT and LAT transporters in various organs and tissues under normal, pathological and ageing conditions.

Melatonin, Its Beneficial Effects on Embryogenesis from Mitigating Oxidative Stress to Regulating Gene Expression.

Embryogenesis is a complex multi-stage process regulated by various signaling molecules including pineal and extrapineal melatonin (MT). Extrapineal MT is found in the placenta and ovaries, where it carries out local hormonal regulation. MT is necessary for normal development of oocytes, fertilization and subsequent development of human, animal and avian embryos.

Sirtuins as Possible Predictors of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Development: Verification in the Hippocampus and Saliva.

Verification of signaling molecules in the saliva is a non-invasive method of diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness in different pathologies. Sirtuins (SIRT), proteins from NAD-dependent histone deacetylases, are supposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimerэs disease. Age-related decrease in sirtuins expression induces many pathophysiological processes that could lead to neurodegeneration.

Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19.

There is a vast practice of using antimalarial drugs, RAS inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus and immunosuppressants for the treatment of the severe form of COVID-19, which often occurs in patients with chronic diseases and older persons. Currently, the clinical efficacy of these drugs for COVID-19 has not been proven yet. Side effects of antimalarial drugs can worsen the condition of patients and increase the likelihood of death.

ARID1A, Prostaglandin E2, and Its Receptor as Possible Predictors of Malignant Transformation of the Endometrium in Endometriosis.

We studied the expression of ARID1A, prostaglandin E2 synthase, and prostaglandin E2 receptor in the endometrium and ovarian, peritoneal, and intestinal endometrioid heterotopies in women with endometriosis of young and middle reproductive age. ARID1A protein is a tumor suppressor, its expression reduced in different types of cancer. Prostaglandin E2 synthase and prostaglandin E2 receptor are involved in the signaling cascade of inflammatory reactions presumably underlying the development of endometriosis.

Skin Fibroblasts as the Object for Clinical Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease in Persons of Different Ages.

We compared the expression of Aβ42 peptide, τ-protein, and α-synuclein in the substantia nigra and skin fibroblasts of elderly and senile patients with Parkinson's disease and subjects without neuropathology. Expression of markers in the studied tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The expression of Aβ42 peptide, τ-protein, and α-synuclein in the substantia nigra of elderly and senile patients with Parkinson's disease was higher by 11-31 times than in subjects without neuropathology.

Expression of Aβ42, τ-Protein, p16, p53 in Buccal Epithelium: Prospects for Use in the Diagnostics of Alzheimer's Disease and Rate of Aging.

The expression of Aβ42, and τ-protein, and p16 and p53 proteins was analyzed in the buccal epithelium of elderly and senile patients with Alzheimer's disease. We revealed enhanced synthesis of Alzheimer's disease markers Aβ42 (by 15-30 times) and τ-protein (by 5 times) in comparison with the corresponding values in people without neurodegenerative pathology of the same age groups. In addition, increased synthesis of proteins of cell aging and apoptosis p16 (by 6-10 times) and p53 (by 2-3 times) was observed in patients in comparison with age-matched persons without neuropathology.

Role of LIF Cytokine and CD34 Angiogenesis Marker in Non-Developing Pregnancy.

The expression of cytokine LIF (leukemia inhibiting factor) in the endometrium of women of young reproductive age with non-developing pregnancy of unknown genesis is higher than in older women and women with infection-related miscarriages by 1.26 and 1.43 times, respectively.