Pathways to care for psychosis in rural Uganda: Mixed-methods study of individuals with psychosis, family members, and local leaders.

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden of mental illness, with limited access to biomedical care. This study examined pathways to care for psychosis in rural Uganda, exploring factors influencing treatment choices.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study in Buyende District, Uganda, involving 67 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions (data collection continued until thematic saturation was reached) with individuals with psychotic disorders, family members, and local leaders.

Postoperative day of surgery ambulation improves outcomes following lung resection: a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: The impact of post-surgical same day ambulation in lung resection patients is relatively unstudied. We sought to determine the relationship between day of surgery ambulation and postoperative outcomes after lung resection.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study at one healthcare system with six hospitals (1/2019-3/2023).

Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis by transient reprogramming in cancer cells.

Oncogenic transformation and Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM)-mediated induction of pluripotency are two independent and incompatible cellular fates. While continuous expression of OSKM can convert normal somatic cells into teratogenic pluripotent cells, it remains speculative what is the impact of transient OSKM expression in cancer cells. Here, we find that OSKM expression limits the growth of transformed lung cells by inducing apoptosis and senescence.

Patient, facility, and surgical factors associated with significant delays to esophagectomy and subsequent poor outcomes: An analysis of 16,486 cases.

Objective: Delays to definitive surgery in esophageal cancer may be associated with disease progression and worsened survival. The objective of this study was to perform a national assessment for predictors of delay to esophagectomy and to assess for their impact on oncologic and survival outcomes.

Methods: The National Cancer Database, 2010 to 2020, was queried for patients with locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (stage I-III).

Analyzing the Social Vulnerability Index With Metabolic Surgery.

Introduction: The social vulnerability index (SVI) is a census tract-level population-based measure generated from 16 socioeconomic and demographic variables on a scale from 1 (least) to 100 (most) vulnerable. This study has three objectives as follows: 1) to analyze multiple ways of utilizing SVI, 2) compare SVI as a group measure of marginalization to individual markers, and 3) to understand how SVI is associated with choice of surgery in metabolic surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively identified adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and gastric sleeve in 2013-2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from a single academic center.

Association between postoperative complications and hospital length of stay: a large-scale observational study of 4,495,582 patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) registry.

Background: Precise estimates of risk-adjusted increases in postoperative length of stay (LOS) associated with postoperative complications across a range of complications and operations are not available in the existing literature.

Methods: Associations between preoperative characteristics, postoperative complications and postoperative LOS were tested using medians, interquartile ranges, and nonparametric rank sum tests in a retrospective cohort study using the 2005-2018 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) dataset. A negative binomial model was used with postoperative LOS as the dependent variable and preoperative characteristics and postoperative complications as independent variables.

Using Implementation Science in Surgical Care: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Improvement of surgical care is dependent upon evidence-based practices (EBPs), policies, procedures, and innovations. The objective of this study was to understand and synthesize the use of implementation science (IS) in surgical care.

Summary Background Data: This article summarizes the existing literature to identify the frequency and types of EBPs selected for surgical care, IS frameworks that guided the published research, and prominent facilitators and barriers.

Robotic-assisted ectopic mediastinal parathyroidectomy: a single institution experience and operative review for the thoracic surgeon.

Background: Parathyroidectomy remains the only definitive cure for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In rare cases, ectopic hyperfunctioning glands are located in the mediastinum, necessitating a thoracic surgical approach. The objective of this project was to review a single high-volume institutional experience of this presentation, with specific attention to the use of a robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) approach.

Risk-adjusted discrete increases in length of stay by complication following anatomic lung resection: an analysis of 32 133 cases across the USA.

Objectives: Prior studies have associated morbidity following anatomic lung resection with prolonged postoperative length of stay; however, each complication's individual impact on length of stay as a continuous variable has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk-adjusted increase in length of stay associated with each individual postoperative complications following anatomic lung resection.

Methods: Patients who underwent anatomic lung resection cataloged in the prospectively collected American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant use file, 2005-2018, were targeted.

Vulnerable populations and the emergency ventral hernia: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Ventral hernias can be repaired electively; however, many circumstances require emergency repair. The association between sociodemographic status and rate of emergency repair are unclear and the Social Vulnerability Index may be a useful tool to better understanding this association. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between Social Vulnerability Index and emergency ventral hernia repair.

Strict compliance to a thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery protocol is associated with improved outcomes compared with partial compliance: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Benefits of thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery programs have been described. However, there is ongoing discussion on the importance of full protocol compliance. The objective of this study was to determine whether strict adherence to an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol leads to further improvement in outcomes compared with less strict compliance.

The deimplementation of laboratory testing in low-risk patients as recommended by the American society of anesthesiologists: An ACS-NSQIP longitudinal analysis.

Background: In 2012, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) published guidelines recommending against routine preoperative laboratory testing for low-risk patients to reduce unnecessary medical expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the change in routine preoperative laboratory testing in low-risk versus higher-risk patients before and after release of these guidelines.

Methods: The ACS-NSQIP database, 2005-2018, was separated into low-risk versus higher-risk patients based upon a previously published stratification.

The Effect of Laparoscopic Gastric Ischemic Preconditioning Prior to Esophagectomy on Anastomotic Stricture Rate and Comparison with Esophagectomy-Alone Controls.

Background: Benign anastomotic stricture is a recognized complication following esophagectomy. Laparoscopic gastric ischemic preconditioning (LGIP) prior to esophagectomy has been associated with decreased anastomotic leak rates; however, its effect on stricture and the need for subsequent endoscopic intervention is not well studied.

Methods: This was a case-control study at an academic medical center using consecutive patients undergoing oncologic esophagectomies (July 2012-July 2022).

Anatomic Lung Resection Outcomes After Implementation of a Universal Thoracic ERAS Protocol Across a Diverse Health Care System.

Objective: We sought to evaluate how implementing a thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol impacted surgical outcomes after elective anatomic lung resection.

Background: The effect of implementing the ERAS Society/European Society of Thoracic Surgery thoracic ERAS protocol on postoperative outcomes throughout an entire health care system has not yet been reported.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study within one health care system (January 2019-March, 2023).

Timing of recovery of quality of life after robotic anatomic lung resection.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are an underreported aspect of surgical recovery. The purpose of our study was to track PROs after robotic anatomic lung to determine the timing to recovery of baseline patient baseline quality of life. This was a prospective cohort study at an academic medical center (4/2021-12/2022).

The Effect of Social Vulnerability on Initial Stage and Treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a composite metric for social determinants of health. The objective of this study was to determine if SVI influences stage at presentation for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and subsequent therapies.

Materials And Methods: NSCLC patients from our local contribution to the National Cancer Database (2011-2021) were grouped into low SVI (<75 %ile) and high SVI (>75 %ile) cohorts.

Social vulnerability is associated with post-operative morbidity following robotic-assisted lung resection.

Background: The social vulnerability index (SVI) is a neighborhood-based metric used to determine an individual's susceptibility to socioeconomic hardship, with high SVI indicating high susceptibility. SVI has previously been associated with surgical outcomes. We aimed to determine if SVI influences morbidity following robotic-assisted lung resection.

National trends in technique use for esophagectomy: Does primary surgeon specialty matter?

Background: Cardiothoracic surgeons and general surgeons (including surgical oncologists) perform most esophagectomies. The purpose of this study was to explore whether specialty-driven differences in surgical techniques and the use of minimally invasive surgical approaches exist and are associated with postoperative outcomes after esophagectomy.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program esophagectomy-targeted participant user file (2016-2018).

The United States experience with diagnosing and treating esophageal cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study.

The downstream effects on healthcare delivery during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine how the healthcare environment surrounding the pandemic affected the oncologic care of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer. This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients in the National Cancer Database (2019-2020).

Analyzing the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on initial oncologic presentation and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the United States.

Background: A significantly lower rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) screening, greater health care avoidance, and changes to oncologic recommendations were some consequences of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affecting the medical environment. We sought to determine how the health care environment during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the oncologic treatment of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients with NSCLC in the National Cancer Database (2019-2020).

Perioperative hypothermia in robotic-assisted thoracic surgery: Incidence, risk factors, and associations with postoperative outcomes.

Objective: Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia has been associated with poor surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and associated postoperative complications of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing robotic-assisted thoracic surgery lung resections.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluating all consecutive patients who underwent robotic-assisted thoracic surgery lung resection between January 1, 2021, and November 30, 2022.

Social vulnerability is associated with higher risk-adjusted rates of postoperative complications in a broad surgical population.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if an association between Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and risk-adjusted complications exists in a broad spectrum of surgical patients.

Summary Background Data: Growing evidence supports the impact of social circumstances on surgical outcomes. SVI is a neighborhood-based measure accounting for sociodemographic factors putting communities at risk.

Quality Review Committee Audit Improves Thoracic Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol Compliance.

Introduction: Compliance with thoracic Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols is critical to achieving their maximum benefits. We sought to examine utilization of quality review meetings as a method to improve protocol compliance through identification and resolution of barriers with compliance.

Methods: A multidisciplinary committee implemented a thoracic ERAS protocol for anatomic lung resections across five hospitals within our health system.

Preoperative Prediction of Postoperative Infections Using Machine Learning and Electronic Health Record Data.

Objective: To estimate preoperative risk of postoperative infections using structured electronic health record (EHR) data.

Background: Surveillance and reporting of postoperative infections is primarily done through costly, labor-intensive manual chart reviews on a small sample of patients. Automated methods using statistical models applied to postoperative EHR data have shown promise to augment manual review as they can cover all operations in a timely manner.