Association of multimorbidity with the use of health information technology.

Objective: To examine the association of multimorbidity with health information technology use among adults in the USA.

Methods: We used cross-sectional study design and data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 4. Health information technology use was measured with ten variables comprising access, recent use, and healthcare management.

Prescription Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Incidence of Depression Among Older Cancer Survivors With Osteoarthritis: A Machine Learning Analysis.

Objectives: This study examined prescription NSAIDs as one of the leading predictors of incident depression and assessed the direction of the association among older cancer survivors with osteoarthritis.

Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort (N = 14, 992) of older adults with incident cancer (breast, prostate, colorectal cancers, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) and osteoarthritis. We used the longitudinal data from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results -Medicare data for the study period from 2006 through 2016, with a 12-month baseline and 12-month follow-up period.

Attitudes and Beliefs of College Students towards Pain Management Modalities: Theory of Planned Behavior Approach.

Background: Chronic pain exhibits a burdening onset and duration in young adults. It is critical to understand appropriate pain management decision-making.

Objective: To investigate the associations of attitudes and beliefs of college students with their intention and behavior toward pain management modalities using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Psychosocial Correlates of Insomnia Among College Students.

Introduction: Among college students, insomnia remains a topic of research focus, especially as it pertains to its correlates and the extent of its association with mental conditions. This study aimed to shed light on the chief predictors of insomnia among college students.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey on a convenience sample of college students (aged ≥18 years) at 2 large midwestern universities was conducted from March 18 through August 23, 2019.

Low-value care and excess out-of-pocket expenditure among older adults with incident cancer - A machine learning approach.

Objective: To evaluate the association of low-value care with excess out-of-pocket expenditure among older adults diagnosed with incident breast, prostate, colorectal cancers, and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Methods: We used a retrospective cohort study design with 12-month baseline and follow-up periods. We identified a cohort of older adults (age ≥ 66 years) diagnosed with breast, prostate, colorectal cancers, or Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma between January 2014 and December 2014.

Clinical Preventive Services and Self-Management Practices Among Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States Over Time.

The objective of this research was to determine if the engagement/participation in health promotion activities of cancer survivors in the United States (US) changed between 2006 and 2015. We pooled two independent cross-sectional data of cancer survivors using Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys from 2006 (N = 791; weighted N = 9,532,674) and 2015 (N = 1067; weighted N = 15,744,959). Health promoting activities consisted of past year influenza immunization, routine physical examination, and dental visit.

Initial maintenance therapy adherence among older adults with asthma-COPD overlap.

Objectives: To examine the impact of initial maintenance therapy (IMT) type (inhaled corticosteroid [ICS] vs fixed-dose combination of ICS and long-acting β agonist [ICS/LABA]) on trajectories of adherence among older adults (≥ 65 years) with coexisting asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), known as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO).

Study Design: We used a longitudinal, retrospective cohort design.

Methods: This study used a cohort of older adults with ACO using longitudinal data from a 10% sample of Optum's Deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart.

Determining the Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Intentions of Student Pharmacists in Iran.

To identify factors and entrepreneurial characteristics associated with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions among Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students in Iran. First, the Entrepreneurial-Intrapreneurial Pharmacist Questionnaire (EIPQ), which was developed in the United States, was translated from English to Persian. The paper-based Persian-EIPQ questionnaire was then tested in a convenience sample of student pharmacists enrolled in pharmacy schools in Iran.

Acculturation and dental sealant use among US children.

Objectives: Healthcare (including dental care) service use is influenced by predisposing, enabling and need factors. One area with limited research is the association of acculturation (defined as behavioural changes in the adaptation to another culture) as a predisposing factor for dental care preventive service use. Preventive service use is a primary objective of Healthy People, 2030.

Economic Burden of Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap among Older Adults in the United States.

The objective of this study is to estimate the excess economic burden of Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) among older adults in the United States. We used a cross-sectional study design with data from a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries (Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey) linked to Medicare fee-for-service claims. Older adults with ACO had higher average total healthcare expenditures ($45,532 vs.

College Students' Perceptions About Prescription Drug Misuse Among Peers.

Background: Prescription drug misuse is an escalating public health problem that is prevalent among college students. Various factors, such as sex, age, race, mental health conditions, and fraternity and sorority membership, increase the risk for prescription drug misuse. Peer influences may also pose significant risks for starting prescription drug misuse, because peers are the primary source of misused prescription drugs among college students.

Predictors of Co-occurring Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Disorders among Elderly with Osteoarthritis.

Objective: To identify the leading predictors of co-occurring cardiovascular or gastrointestinal disorders (CV-GID) in a real-world cohort of elderly with osteoarthritis (OA).

Method: An observational retrospective cohort study using data from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart was conducted. Elderly with OA were identified in 2015 and were followed for two years to identify co-occurring CV-GID including ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, and peptic ulcer disease.

Identifying knowledge gaps in heart failure research among women using unsupervised machine-learning methods.

To identify knowledge gaps in heart failure (HF) research among women, especially postmenopausal women. We retrieved HF articles from PubMed. Natural language processing and text mining techniques were used to screen relevant articles and identify study objective(s) from abstracts.

A Machine Learning Approach to Identify Predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Use in Older Adults with Osteoarthritis.

Evidence from some studies suggest that osteoarthritis (OA) patients are often prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are not in accordance with their cardiovascular (CV) or gastrointestinal (GI) risk profiles. However, no such study has been carried out in the United States. Therefore, we sought to examine the prevalence and predictors of potentially inappropriate NSAIDs use in older adults (age > 65) with OA using machine learning with real-world data from Optum De-identified Clinformatics Data Mart.

Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap and cost-related medication non-adherence among older adults in the United States.

Background: Cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) can negatively impact health outcomes in older adults with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) by reducing access and adherence to essential medications. The objective of this study is to examine the association of ACO to any CRN and specific forms of CRN among a nationally representative sample of older (age ≥ 65 years) adults.

Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional study design using data from pooled cross-sectional Medicare Current Beneficiary Surveys (MCBS) (2006-2013) and linked fee-for-service Medicare claims.

Relationship between smoking status and muscle strength in the United States older adults.

Objectives: Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether current or former smoking status is associated with a decrease in muscle strength in older adults.

Mental Health Conditions and Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among Veterans with Diabetes.

Background: Veterans with diabetes and mental health conditions have a higher risk for suboptimal care and complications related to their diseases than veterans with diabetes who do not have mental health conditions. We hypothesized that among veterans with diabetes, patients with mental health conditions are more likely to be hospitalized for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) than those without mental health conditions.

Objectives: To examine the association between depression, anxiety, and serious mental illness and hospitalizations for ACSC among veterans with diabetes after controlling for demographics and comorbidities.

The impact of telemental health use on healthcare costs among commercially insured adults with mental health conditions.

Objective: To determine the impact of telemental health (TMH) use on total healthcare costs and mental health (MH)-related costs paid by a third party among adults with mental health conditions (MHC).

Method: This study employed a pre-post design with a non-equivalent control group. The cohort comprised adults with MHCs identified using diagnosis codes from de-identified claims data of the Optum Clinformatics DataMart (2010 January 01 to 2017 June 30).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine utilization among adults (18-29 years), BRFSS 2015.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination acceptance is hampered by fears and conflicting attitudes about the need for and safety of vaccine. There are also ethical dilemmas associated with vaccinating adolescents for a sexually transmitted disease despite future cancer risk. The purpose of this research was to determine HPV vaccination acceptance/hesitancy among young adults.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Joint Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Older Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: In recent years, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors have been added to the diabetes treatment algorithm. Few published studies have shown that the use of DPP-4 inhibitors is associated with joint pain. To our knowledge, no population-based studies in the United States have studied this association.

A Longitudinal Study of the Association of Opioid Use with Change in Pain Interference and Functional Limitations in a Nationally Representative Cohort of Adults with Osteoarthritis in the United States.

Introduction: Real-world data are sparse on longitudinal associations of opioid use with pain interference with activities (PIA) and daily function with osteoarthritis (OA) in the USA.

Methods: Data from the 2010-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys were analyzed for community-dwelling adults with OA. Opioid use patterns were defined as persistent, intermittent, and no use.

Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tooth loss, and edentulism among adults in the United States: 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey.

Background: Adults with chronic respiratory conditions, specifically asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may be at risk of experiencing poor oral health due to systemic inflammation, challenges in routine oral health care, and adverse effects of medications used to treat these conditions. The authors examined the association of asthma, COPD, and coexisting asthma and COPD (asthma-COPD overlap syndrome [ACOS]) with tooth loss among US adults.

Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (N = 387,217).

Association of Entrepreneurial Traits With Interest in Becoming a Pharmacist Provider Among Student Pharmacists.

Background: With the emerging opportunities for pharmacists to gain provider status, the need for understanding interest to become a pharmacist provider has never been greater.

Objective: To determine which entrepreneurial traits (locus of control, innovativeness, autonomy, risk-taking propensity, proactiveness, achievement motivation, people liking, problem-solving, and leadership) are associated with interest in becoming a pharmacist provider.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among second- and third-year student pharmacists.