Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has replaced the previously dominant Delta variant because of high transmissibility. However, studies on the impact of the Omicron variant on the severity of COVID-19 are still limited in developing countries. Our study aimed to determine the prognostic factors for the outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants, including age, sex, comorbidities, and smoking.

A Review of the Null Genotype Modifies the Association between Air Pollutant Exposure and Health Problems.

Air pollution is one of the significant environmental risks known as the cause of premature deaths. It has deleterious effects on human health, including deteriorating respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine functions. Exposure to air pollution stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the body, which can further cause oxidative stress.

Insulin Resistance Model: A Recent Update.

Insulin resistance, which affects insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver, is the central pathophysiological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes progression. Decreased glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues disrupts insulin signaling pathways, particularly the PI3K/Akt pathway. An model is appropriate for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance because it is easy to maintain and the results can be easily reproduced.

Does Trastuzumab Offer Good Value for Money for Breast Cancer Patients with Metastasis in Indonesia?

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia, with Indonesia's breast cancer mortality rate being the highest among Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and budget impacts of adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for HER2-positive breast cancer patients in Indonesia.

Methods: We performed a Markov model-based economic evaluation to assess cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and budget impact.

The Effect of Variation on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Asian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing among Asians. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increases T2DM risk through insulin resistance. Glucose levels are related to AMPK subunit α2 encoded by .

Standardised Ethanol Extract of (Hemsley) A Gray Leaves Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Increase Mitochondrial DNA Copy Numbers in Skeletal Muscles of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Rats.

Background: In this study, we examined the anti-diabetic activity of standardised extracts of (Hemsley) A Gray () leaves for their effects on insulin resistance and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number.

Methods: leaves were extracted using an ultrasound-assisted method and standardised using Tagitinin C. There were six groups: i) normal control; ii) diabetic group; iii) metformin group (300 mg/kg) and iv) groups treated with three different doses of extract (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg).

Reaction Times among Batik Workers: The Influence of Gender and Occupational Lead Exposure.

(1) Background: Neglected occupational health and safety aspects in batik industries cause their workers to have an increased risk of lead exposure. The effect of occupational lead exposure on neurocognitive performance is inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to examine the difference in simple reaction time between lead-exposed batik workers and non-exposed referents.

Ruiz & Pav. ameliorates wound healing through p53, E-cadherin and SOD1 pathways on wounded hyperglycemia fibroblasts.

Introduction: Ruiz & Pav has been reported to accelerate the diabetic wound healing process empirically. Some studies showed the benefits of in treating various diseases but its mechanisms in diabetic wound healing have never been reported. In the present study we investigated the diabetic wound healing activity of the active fraction of on wounded hyperglycemia fibroblasts (wHFs).

Association between prognostic factors and the outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 harboring multiple spike protein mutations.

The outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection is determined by multiple factors, including the viral, host genetics, age, and comorbidities. This study investigated the association between prognostic factors and disease outcomes of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with multiple S protein mutations. Fifty-one COVID-19 patients were recruited in this study.

variation and the clinical characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Background: Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK; EC 2.7.11.

Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from COVID-19 family clusters.

Background: Transmission within families and multiple spike protein mutations have been associated with the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to: (1) describe full genome characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and correlate the sequences with epidemiological data within family clusters, and (2) conduct phylogenetic analysis of all samples from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia and other countries.

Methods: The study involved 17 patients with COVID-19, including two family clusters.

Significance of BMPR2 mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease that results from progressive remodeling and inflammation of pulmonary arteries. PAH develops gradually, is difficult to diagnose, and has a high mortality rate. Although mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene has been identified as the main genetic cause of PAH, the underlying pathways involving the pathophysiology of PAH are complex and still not fully understood.

Full-length genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 virus strains from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia.

Background: Recently, SARS-CoV-2 virus with the D614G mutation has become a public concern due to rapid dissemination of this variant across many countries. Our study aims were (1) to report full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 collected from four COVID-19 patients in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia; (2) to compare the clade distribution of full-length genome sequences from Indonesia ( = 60) from March to September 2020 and (3) to perform phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes from different countries, including Indonesia.

Methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) applied in the Illumina MiSeq instrument.

The neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. in the regulation of neuronal density in hippocampus areas as a central autobiography memory on the rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract (OSE) on the neurons of the CA1, CA3, and DG hippocampal areas with the use of in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Twenty-one two-month-old male rats were divided into three groups: untreated (Group A, n = 3), AD rats model pretreated with OSE followed by induction for Trimethyltin (TMT) on day 7 (group B, n = 9), and AD rats model treated with OSE both as pre-TMT introduction for 7 days and post-TMT induction for 21 days (group C, n = 9).

Endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) deletion in association with Endothelin-1 downregulation ameliorates kidney fibrosis in mice.

Kidney fibrosis is a common final pathway of chronic kidney diseases, which are characterized by renal architecture damage, inflammation, fibroblast expansion and myofibroblast formation. Endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) contributes to activation of Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and pro-fibrotic substance. This study elucidated the effect of ECE-1 knockout in kidney fibrosis model in mice in association of ET-1 downregulation.

The association between PON1 and GSTM1 genetic variation with methylation of p16 gene promoter among Javanese farmers exposed to pesticides at Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

Occupational exposure to pesticides leads to the development of cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation plays a crucial role in cancer. The manifestation of the carcinogenic effect of pesticides could be determined by the variation of genes encoding enzyme, including PON1 Q192R and GSTM1.

Comparison of metamizole and paracetamol effects on colonic anastomosis and fibroblast activities in Wistar rats.

Background: Leakage following colorectal anastomosis surgery causes various complications associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in pediatric patients. It might be caused by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as postoperative analgesics. This study aimed to compare the effect of metamizole and paracetamol on colonic anastomosis and fibroblast activities, including proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis, in Wistar rats.

The 1-monolaurin inhibit growth and eradicate the biofilm formed by clinical isolates of .

Background: Biofilm is one of the causes of antibiotic resistance. One of the biofilm-producing bacteria is which has been proven to infect long-term users of urinary catheters and implant devices. The 1-monolaurin compound has been known to have an antimicrobial effect.

Centella asiatica (L.) extract attenuates inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in a coculture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Insulin resistance in obese condition is related to chronic low-grade inflammation which leads to insulin signaling impairment. Centella asiatica (L.) is an herb that exhibits anti-inflammatory and blood sugar-lowering activity (hypoglycemia).

Reduction of Serum Uric Acid Associated with Attenuation of Renal Injury, Inflammation and Macrophages M1/M2 Ratio in Hyperuricemic Mice Model.

Background: Hyperuricemia contributed to endothelial dysfunction, activation of the RAS system, increased oxidative stress and maladaptive immune system response. M1 and M2 macrophages were known to contribute to the onset of renal fibrosis. This study aimed to look at the effect of lowering serum uric acid levels on renal injury in mice.

Chronic hyperaldosteronism in cryptochrome-null mice induces high-salt- and blood pressure-independent kidney damage in mice.

Although aldosterone has an essential role in controlling electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis, aldosterone also exerts certain pathological effects on the kidney. Several previous studies have attempted to examine these deleterious effects. However, the majority of these studies were performed using various injury models, including high-salt treatment and/or mineralocorticoid administration, by which the kidney changes observed were not only due to aldosterone but also due to prior injury caused by salt and hypertension.

Glycosaminoglycan overproduction in the aorta increases aortic calcification in murine chronic kidney disease.

Background: Vascular calcification accompanying chronic kidney disease increases the mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disorders, but no effective therapy is available. We hypothesized that glycosaminoglycans may contribute to osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular calcification.

Methods And Results: We used exostosin-like glycosyltranferase 2-deficient (EXTL2 knockout) mice expressing high levels of glycosaminoglycans in several organs including the aorta.