Environmental enrichment as a strategy: Attenuates the anxiety and memory impairment in social isolation stress.

Background: Social isolation (SI) early in life produces behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. On the contrary, environmental enrichment (EE) offers beneficial effects on brain plasticity and development. This study was designed to examine how EE affects memory functions, anxiety level, and the expression levels of memory/anxiety-related genes such as NR2A, NR2B, BDNF, and cFos in the hippocampus of socially isolated rats.

Stress caused by environmental effects on the birth process and some of the labor hormones at rats: ideal birth environment and hormones.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of environmental conditions on the birth hormones and the labor of rats.

Materials And Methods: This Study is animal experiment. A total of of 18 pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, stress and enriched groups.

A rare presentation of meralgia paraesthetica in limb girdle muscular dystrophy.

A 44-year-old female with paraesthesia and pain on the left anterolateral thigh who had been diagnosed with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy by electromyography and muscle biopsy is presented. Neurological examination revealed atrophy of the proximal muscles of both shoulders, plus pseudo hypertrophy of both calves. Electromyography exhibited a myopathic pattern.

Effects of Combined Bonded Maxillary Expansion and Face Mask on Dental Arch Length in Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusions.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of combined rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and face mask (FM) therapy during the mixed dentition period on the dental arch length in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Study Design: We evaluated pre- and post-treatment orthodontic models of 52 patients (25 girls, 27 boys) aged 8-12 years with skeletal Class III malocclusion(ANB<0) accompanied by maxillary transverse deficiency and retrognatism treated by bonded RME-FM therapy for a mean duration of 8 months. Palatal rugae, the cusp tips of permanent first molars, deciduous molars/permanent premolars, deciduous canines and the incisal edges of permanent central incisors were marked on orthodontic models, which were then photocopied.