Spontaneous Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma With Mast Cell Infiltration in a Sprague-Dawley Rat: A Case Report.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPSs) are tumours of mesenchymal origin typically seen in soft tissues and histologically characterized by pleomorphic tumour cell and multinucleated giant cell (MGC) infiltration. Here, we report UPS in a 23-month-old Sprague-Dawley rat, notable for the absence of MGC infiltration and the presence of mast cells. The tumour was located in the left axillary region and was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, along with immunohistochemistry.

Synergistic ROS Reduction Through the Co-Inhibition of BRAF and p38 MAPK Ameliorates Senescence.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage to macromolecules and cellular organelles is one of the major causes of senescence. Therapeutic strategies that lower ROS levels have been proposed as important treatments for senescence, but effective mechanisms for reducing ROS levels have not been discovered. Here, we aimed to find a combination that has a synergistic effect on ROS reduction using senomorphics known to reduce ROS.

Spontaneous type II cell-derived bronchioloalveolar adenoma in a young ICR mouse.

Although pulmonary adenomas have been reported in ICR mice, spontaneous adenomas have not been reported in mice aged ≤10 weeks. Here, we report a well-circumscribed nodule (1 mm × 1 mm) in the peripheral lesion of the left lateral lobe of a 10-week-old male ICR mouse. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a well-demarcated nodule compressing the surrounding tissue.

Acute and 13-week subchronic toxicity studies of hot-water extract of Radix in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Radix (CWR) is a herbal medicinal plant that is well-known and used in Asian countries as a health food. In this study, acute and 13-week subchronic oral toxicity studies of hot-water extract of CWR (CWR-WE) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, CWR-WE was administered once orally to five male and five female rats at doses of 800, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg.

Ninety-day oral toxicity study of rice-derived γ-oryzanol in Sprague-Dawley rats.

A 90-day oral toxicity study of γ-oryzanol, a rice-derived triterpenoid ferulate, was performed by oral gavage administration to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. All rats administered γ-oryzanol survived throughout the study period. Both male and female rats showed no toxicologically significant changes of the general signs, examination findings, body weight, food consumption, functional observational battery results, ophthalmological findings, urinalysis, hematology tests, clinical chemistry tests, organ weights, and necropsy findings.

Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of var. in Rats.

(Siebold & Zucc.) Seem. var.

Subchronic toxicity of Acorus gramineus rhizoma in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Acorus gramineus rhizoma (AGR) is the dry rhizome of Acorus gramineus Solander from the family Araceae that has been used as sedative, analgesic, diuretic, digestive and antifungal agent.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the toxicity of AGR, following repeated oral administration to rats for 13 weeks.

Materials And Methods: AGR was administered by oral gavage to groups of rats (10 per group, each sex) at doses of 0 (control), 25, 74, 222, 667, or 2,000mg/kg/day, 5 times per week for 13 weeks.

Sub-acute toxicity study in female ICR mice following repetitive intramuscular injection of cervical cancer vaccines.

Objectives: The sub-acute toxic effects following repetitive intramuscular injection of two cervical cancer vaccines newly developed against human papillomaviruse (HPV)16/58/18 and HPV16 were investigated in female ICR (CrljOri: CD1) mice, and the no-observedadverse- effect-level (NOAEL) of the cervical cancer vaccines was estimated.

Methods: Female ICR mice (n=15 in each group) were exposed to a 1:1 mixture of two cervical cancer vaccines by repetitive intramuscular injection (once a week, 5 times) for 5 weeks. Mortality, body weight, organ weight, hematological/biochemical parameters, and histopathological effects were examined at different concentrations (0, 1×10(8), 5×10(8), and 2.

Variation of nephrotoxicity biomarkers by urinary storage condition in rats.

Recently, there has been an increase in the use of several nephrotoxicity biomarkers in preclinical experiments. In addition, it has been indicated that the result may have been influenced by secondary factors, such as sample storage condition or storage period. In this study, we have assessed the variation in urinary nephrotoxicity biomarkers as a result of urine storage conditions and storage period of the urine.

Subchronic toxicity study of Coptidis rhizoma in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) is a medical herb from the family Ranunculacease that has been used to treat gastroenteritis, dysentery, diabetes mellitus, and severe skin diseases.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the toxicity of CR, following repeat oral administration to rats for 13 weeks.

Materials And Methods: CR was administered by oral gavage to groups of rats (n=10/group, each sex) at dose levels of 0 (control), 25, 74, 222, 667 or 2000 mg/kg/day 5 times per week for 13 weeks.

Subchronic oral toxicity of evodia fruit powder in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Evodia, a fruit from Evodia rutaecarpa, has been used in oriental medicine, and since its various pharmaceutical actions, including anti-cancer activity, have become known, evodia has been widely used as a dietary supplement. However, information regarding its toxicity is limited.

Materials And Methods: Evodia fruit from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.

Optimized protocol for multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction to detect and differentiate Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus suis, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs with polyserositis.

An optimized protocol was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus suis, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method also determines the prevalence of these bacteria in pigs with polyserositis. DNA extraction with a combination of a commercial reagent and proteinase K resulted in more frequent detection of the pathogens than DNA extraction with proteinase K alone.

A four-week repeated study of intravenous toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-2 in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine with a potential role in cancer therapy. Many clinical trials of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) have been conducted to treat malignant renal carcinoma, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma. BMI Korea has developed a method to manufacture rhIL-2 in bulk using Escherichia coli as a biosimilar.

A paraganglioma in the posterior wall of the left atrium originating from the aortic body in a Wistar Hannover rat.

A small cardiac tumor was detected in the posterior wall of the left atrium of a 110-week-old female Wistar Hannover rat (Slc: Wistar Hannover/Rcc) during a carcinogenicity historical control study. Tumor was consisted of 2 different cells. Most of the tumor cells were polygonal to oval in shape and had slightly basophilic and granular cytoplasm.

Effects of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine on PCV2 virus shedding in semen from experimentally infected boars.

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine on PCV2b virus shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars by measuring the immunological response and the PCV2b DNA load in blood and semen. Twelve boars were randomly divided into three groups. The boars in group 1 (n = 4) were immunized with an inactivated PCV2 vaccine and were challenged with PCV2b.

Expression of secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6) and membrane-bound mucin (MUC4) in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

The expression patterns of different secreted (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6) and membrane-bound (MUC4) mucins were determined immunohistochemically in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Forty-seven-week-old colostrum-deprived pigs were randomly allocated to infected (n=20) or control groups (n=20). Five infected and uninfected pigs were euthanized at 0, 6, 12, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi).

Expression of mucins on the mucosal surface of lungs of 4-week-old pigs.

The aim of this study was to determine the immunoreactivity of normal small bronchial, bronchiolar, respiratory bronchiolar, and interalveolar epithelium using antibodies to six mucins: MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6. The large, gel-forming secreted mucins MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B were widely expressed in the lower respiratory tract. The results of this study demonstrate that these secreted mucins form a gel to cover and protect the mucosal surface in the lower respiratory tract of pigs.

Aerosol delivery of small hairpin osteopontin blocks pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer in mice.

Background: Metastasis to the lung may be the final step in the breast cancer-related morbidity. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and surgery are somewhat successful, however, metastasis-related breast cancer morbidity remains high. Thus, a novel approach to prevent breast tumor metastasis is needed.

Distribution of capsular serotypes and virulence markers of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs with polyserositis in Korea.

The objective of this study was to determine the capsular serotypes and potential virulence factors of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs with polyserositis. Among the 24 isolates evaluated, serotype 3 [7 (29%) of the isolates] and serotype 4 [5 (21%)] were the most common. The isolates were also studied for the presence of the genes mrp, epf, and sly, which encode muramidase-released protein (MRP), extracellular factor (EF), and suilysin (SLY), respectively.

Chitosan-graft-spermine as a gene carrier in vitro and in vivo.

Chitosan has been proposed as a non-viral gene carrier because of its biodegradable and biocompatible cationic polymeric properties. However, the transfection efficiency of chitosan-DNA complexes is still too low for clinical trials. To improve transfection efficiency, we prepared a chitosan-graft-spermine (CHI-g-SPE) copolymer by an imine reaction between periodate-oxidized chitosan and spermine.

Development of in situ hybridization for the detection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from naturally infected pigs with polyserositis.

The aim of this study was to develop in situ hybridization for detection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues from pigs with polyserositis. M. hyorhinis was isolated from the spleen (2 pigs) and pericardium (1 pig).

Development of in situ hybridization assay that differentiates between two genotypes of Porcine circovirus-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

The aim of the current study was to develop a nonradioactive in situ hybridization assay that can differentiate between genotypes 2a and 2b of Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Two different digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes were designed from the PCV-2 open reading frame 2 sequences. The PCV-2a-specific probe did not hybridize with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from naturally PCV-2b-infected pigs and vice versa.

Localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in mammary glands of experimentally infected sows.

We investigated the localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the mammary glands of experimentally infected sows using reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry. Six pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with PRRSV three weeks prior to the predicted farrowing date. The six PRRSV-infected sows and two uninfected negative control sows remained clinically healthy and farrowed normally.

Comparative study of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry with different types of antibody (monoclonal vs. polyclonal, natural vs. synthetic) was compared to detect porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs with experimentally and naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.