The Endogenous Inhibitor of CETP, apoC1, Remains Ineffective In Vivo after Correction of Hyperglycemia in People with Type 1 Diabetes.

ApolipoproteinC1 (apoC1) is the main physiological inhibitor of the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP). Increased CETP activity is associated with macrovascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). ApoC1 has lost its ability to inhibit CETP in patients with T1D, and in vitro glycation of apoC1 increases CETP activity, suggesting that hyperglycemia could be a factor implicated in the loss of the inhibitory effect of apoC1 on CETP.

Hypertriglyceridemia Results From an Impaired Catabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in -Related Lipodystrophy.

Background: Pathogenic variants in -encoding PLIN1 (perilipin-1) are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) associated with severe insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and important hypertriglyceridemia. This study aims to decipher the mechanisms of hypertriglyceridemia associated with -related FPL.

Methods: We performed an in vivo lipoprotein kinetic study in 6 affected patients compared with 13 healthy controls and 8 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Plasma 16:0 ceramide as a marker of cardiovascular risk estimated by carotid intima-media thickness in people with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: New tools are required to better assess cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Plasma ceramides emerge as promising candidates, given their substantial influence on the pathogenesis of both T2DM and atherosclerosis. The current study aimed to investigate whether plasma ceramides in patients with T2DM are a predictive factor for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a well-established noninvasive marker for atherosclerosis that predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Plasma ceramides are associated with MRI-based liver fat content but not with noninvasive scores of liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: There is growing evidence that ceramides play a significant role in the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a highly prevalent condition in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with hepatic and cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between plasma ceramide levels and NAFLD severity in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether circulating levels of ceramides in patients with type 2 diabetes are associated with liver steatosis assessed by the highly accurate magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF).

Liraglutide reduces plasma dihydroceramide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Emerging evidence supports that dihydroceramides (DhCer) and ceramides (Cer) contribute to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and liver steatosis, and that their circulating concentrations are independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Circulating DhCer levels are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). On the other hand, the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide reduces major adverse cardiac events, insulin resistance and liver steatosis in T2D patients.

High-Density Lipoprotein Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.

Alterations affecting high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are one of the various abnormalities observed in dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Kinetic studies have demonstrated that the catabolism of HDL particles is accelerated. Both the size and the lipidome and proteome of HDL particles are significantly modified, which likely contributes to some of the functional defects of HDLs.

HDL functionality in type 1 diabetes: enhancement of cholesterol efflux capacity in relationship with decreased HDL carbamylation after improvement of glycemic control.

Background: Reduced cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDLs is likely to increase cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to assess whether improvement of glycemic control in T1D patients is associated with changes in CEC in relation with changes in carbamylation of HDLs.

Methods: In this open-label trial, 27 uncontrolled T1D patients were given a three-month standard medical intervention to improve glycemic control.

Identification of a Gain-of-Function Variant as a Novel Cause of Familial Combined Hypocholesterolemia.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality worldwide and is strongly influenced by circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Only a few genes causally related to plasma LDL cholesterol levels have been identified so far, and only 1 gene, , has been causally related to combined hypocholesterolemia. Here, our aim was to elucidate the genetic origin of an unexplained combined hypocholesterolemia inherited in 4 generations of a French family.

Normal HDL Cholesterol Efflux and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities in Type 2 Diabetes Despite Lipidomic Abnormalities.

Objective: To assess whether, in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, lipidomic abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with impaired cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory effect, 2 pro-atherogenic abnormalities.

Design And Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Lira-NAFLD study, including 20 T2D patients at T0 and 25 control subjects. Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 110 species of the main HDL phospholipids and sphingolipids.

Liraglutide reduces plasma PCSK9 in patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with statins.

Aim: Dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which increases cardiovascular risk, includes abnormal metabolism of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Our group has recently shown that liraglutide increases LDL catabolism in patients with T2DM and that it reduces the expression of PCSK9 (a major inhibitor of LDL-receptor expression) in vitro and in mice. This prompted us to study the effect of liraglutide on plasma PCSK9 level in patients with T2DM.

Increased body fat mass reduces the association between fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin in obese type 2 diabetes patients.

Obesity is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes. A possible reduced association between fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in obese individuals has been previously discussed, but this has never been specifically evaluated in type 2 diabetes, and the potential influence of body fat mass and fat distribution has never been studied. We studied 112 type 2 diabetes patients with assessment of fat mass, liver fat and fat distribution.

Venous thromboembolic events during warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Thrombotic manifestations are a hallmark of many auto-immune diseases (AID), specially of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA), as 15 to 33% of adults with wAIHA experience venous thromboembolic events (VTE). However, beyond the presence of positive antiphospholipid antibodies and splenectomy, risk factors for developing a VTE during wAIHA have not been clearly identified. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize VTEs during wAIHA and to identify risk factors for VTE.

Plasma Renin Concentration is Associated With Hemodynamic Deficiency and Adverse Renal Outcome in Septic Shock.

Background: In septic shock, both systemic vasodilatation and glomerular arteriole dilatation are responsible for the drop in glomerular filtration observed in early acute kidney injury. Angiotensin II has been shown to act on both mechanisms. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of renin angiotensin system activation, on hemodynamic deficiency and renal outcome in patient with septic shock and to assess whether urinary sodium could be a reliable test for high plasma renin concentration screening.

Vitamin D supplementation, bone turnover, and inflammation in HIV-infected patients.

Objective: To assess whether vitamin D supplementation could be associated with a modification of inflammatory markers and bone turnover in HIV-1-infected patients.

Patients And Methods: Patients who participated in an initial survey in 2010 and who were followed in the same department were included in a new study in 2012. Between 2010 and 2012, vitamin D supplementation was offered to patients presenting with hypovitaminosis D as per appropriate guidelines.

European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) clinical practice recommendations for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evaluation of their application in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate the application of the recently proposed recommendations by the European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Association for the Study of Diabetes and European Association for the Study of Obesity for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 179 people with Type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Liver fat content (assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy), fatty liver index score, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, and SteatoTest and FibroTest scores were determined.

Evaluation of the new restandardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay on the iSYS platform.

Background: 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the most reliable biomarker of vitamin D status, but until now 25(OH)D assays have suffered from inter-laboratory and inter-assay discrepancies. In the setting of the international Vitamin D Standardization Program, Immunodiagnostic Systems (IDS) recently reformulated and restandardized the 25(OH)D immunoassay available on the automated iSYS platform. In the present study, we evaluated this new generation of the 25(OH)D immunoassay (IS-2500).

Liver Fat Content in People with Pituitary Diseases: Influence of Serum IGF1 Levels.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is also seen in patients with endocrinopathies. However, the relationship between endocrine diseases and the development of NAFLD is not well known.

Biological diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: summary of new French and international guidelines.

The biological diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) is a real challenge in clinical laboratories. First, PA is a major cause of secondary hypertension, and more widespread screening is currently recommended. In addition, the recent development of automated and mass spectrometry tests has made it necessary to determine the most appropriate cutoff values in clinical studies.

Impairment of the Ability of HDL From Patients With Metabolic Syndrome but Without Diabetes Mellitus to Activate eNOS: Correction by S1P Enrichment.

Objective: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) from nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) displays abnormalities in their lipidome, such as triglyceride enrichment and sphingosine-1-phosphate depletion. We hypothesized that these abnormalities could impair the ability of HDL to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Approach And Results: Compared with HDL from control subjects, HDL from normoglycemic patients with MetS was 39% richer in triglycerides (<0.