The diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease biopsy test compared to histopathology in implementing "test and treat" policy for Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important causes of the varied spectrum of gastroduodenal diseases. It is important to have a rapid diagnostic method to detect the organism so as to initiate the treatment early and check its progression to malignancy.

Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease biopsy test in detecting H.

The history of human cytogenetics in India-A review.

It is 60years since the discovery of the correct number of chromosomes in 1956; the field of cytogenetics had evolved. The late evolution of this field with respect to other fields is primarily due to the underdevelopment of lenses and imaging techniques. With the advent of the new technologies, especially automation and evolution of advanced compound microscopes, cytogenetics drastically leaped further to greater heights.

Aryl Nitriles from Alkynes Using tert-Butyl Nitrite: Metal-Free Approach to C≡C Bond Cleavage.

Alkyne C≡C bond breaking, outside of alkyne metathesis, remains an underdeveloped area in reaction discovery. Recently, nitrogenation has been reported to allow nitrile formation from alkynes. A new protocol for the metal-free C≡C bond cleavage of terminal alkynes to produce nitriles is reported.

The regioselective iodination of quinolines, quinolones, pyridones, pyridines and uracil.

A radical based direct C-H iodination protocol for quinolines, quinolones, pyridones, pyridines, and uracil has been developed. The iodination occurs in a C3 selective manner for quinolines and quinolones. Pyridones and pyridines undergo C3 and C5 iodination, while dimethyl uracil undergoes C5 iodination.

Remote para-C-H Functionalization of Arenes by a D-Shaped Biphenyl Template-Based Assembly.

Site-selective C-H functionalization has emerged as an efficient tool in simplifying the synthesis of complex molecules. Most often, directing group (DG)-assisted metallacycle formation serves as an efficient strategy to ensure promising regioselectivity. A wide variety of ortho- and meta-C-H functionalizations stand as examples in this regard.

Vitamin-D Deficiency Is Associated with Gallbladder Stasis Among Pregnant Women.

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of gallbladder (GB) stasis, an important risk factor for gallstones (GS). In non-pregnant women, Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) is associated with GB stasis, which improves on supplementation. Relationship of VDD with GB stasis among pregnant women is not known.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a familial pericentric inversion 3 associated with short stature.

Short stature refers to the height of an individual which is below expected. The causes are heterogenous and influenced by several genetic and environmental factors. Chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of diseases and cytogenetic mapping is one of the powerful tools for the identification of novel disease genes.

Relationship between preeclampsia and vitamin D deficiency: a case control study.

Purpose: There is paucity of literature pertaining to association between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia from sunshine-rich countries like India. Further none of the studies have reported on relation with severity of preeclampsia. This study was carried out with a purpose of studying relation between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia and its complications.

Aerobic oxynitration of alkynes with (t)BuONO and TEMPO.

An efficient method for stereoselective nitroaminoxylation of alkyne has been reported. The reaction enjoys a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high yields. Synthetically useful α-nitroketones can be accessed through these products in a single step.

Esophageal duplication cyst in an adult masquerading as submucosal tumor.

Gastrointestinal duplications usually manifest in children and may involve the esophagus in 20% cases. Esophageal duplication cysts are a rare cause of dysphagia in adults. We report the case of a 35-year-old male who presented to us with progressive dysphagia of 6 months duration.

A Novel de novo Balanced Reciprocal Translocation t(18;22) Associated with Recurrent Miscarriages: A Case Report.

Background: Recurrent miscarriage is a major concern in the couples with reproductive problems. The chromosomal abnormalities, mainly balanced rearrangements are reported in variable phenotypes and the prevalence of them is 2-8% in such couples.

Case Presentation: In this study, the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic evaluations were performed on a couple with RM.

Predictably selective (sp3)C-O bond formation through copper catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling: facile synthesis of dihydro-oxazinone derivatives.

An intramolecular dehydrogenative (sp(3))C-O bond formation in salicylamides can be initiated by an active Cu/O2 species to generate pharamaceutically relevant dihydro-oxazinones. Experimental findings suggest that stereoelectronic parameters in both coupling partners are controlling factors for site selectivity in bond formation. Mechanistic investigations including isotope labeling, kinetic studies helped to propose a catalytic cycle.

Hypotension in the first week of acute pancreatitis and APACHE II score predict development of infected pancreatic necrosis.

Background: Hypotension and intestinal mucosal ischemia lead to bacterial translocation from the gut lumen into systemic circulation.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of association between different types of organ failure (OF): hypotension (cardiovascular system failure), renal failure, respiratory failure, CNS failure and coagulopathy in the first week of acute pancreatitis (AP) and the subsequent development of infected pancreatic necrosis (IN).

Methods: Consecutive patients with AP were evaluated for OF and its severity in the first week of hospital admission.

Precision in chromosome identification with leads in molecular cytogenetics: An illustrated review.

Chromosomal aberrations are a major cause of human genetic diseases. Conventional cytogenetic banding techniques are the method of identification for both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities but with limited resolution. However, precise identification and characterization of the chromosomal abnormalities can only be achieved by advanced molecular cytogenetic techniques.

A novel combined 15q11.2 duplication and a bisatellited supernumerary marker derived from chromosome 22: molecular characterization of the marker.

Supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMC) are heterogeneous group of chromosomes which are reported in variable phenotypes. Approximately 70% originate from acrocentric chromosomes. Here we report a couple with recurrent miscarriages and a SMC originating from an acrocentric chromosome.

Implementation of the Asia-Pacific guidelines of obesity classification on the APACHE-O scoring system and its role in the prediction of outcomes of acute pancreatitis: a study from India.

Aims: We studied the role of obesity and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) O score in predicting the outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) using the Asia-Pacific obesity classification.

Methods: Two hundred eighty AP patients were classified into three different groups, normal weight [body mass index (BMI) = 18.5-22.

Vascular leiomyosarcoma of thigh - A rare tumour at an unusual site.

Leiomyosarcomas of vascular origin are rare. They originate from the smooth muscles of tunica media of major blood vessels. The majority of such tumours arising in the extremities affect the femoral vascular bundle.

Partial proximal trisomy 14: identification and molecular characterization in a girl with global developmental delay.

Chromosomal rearrangements associated with a disease play a significant role in the phenotypic manifestation. Here we report a 9-month-old girl with de novo partial proximal trisomy 14 with seizures and global developmental delay. Cytogenetic investigations revealed a karyotype of 47,XX+marker.

Management of reflux-related symptoms.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease develops when the reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus results in troublesome symptoms and/or complications [1]. Refluxate contains predominantly acid which causes tissue injury at oesophageal and extra-oesophageal sites. It is one of the commonest gastrointestinal diagnosis worlds over.

Dynamic nature of organ failure in severe acute pancreatitis: the impact of persistent and deteriorating organ failure.

Background And Aims: In acute pancreatitis (AP), patients with persistent organ failure [POF, duration of organ failure (OF) ≥48 h] and transient organ failure (TOF, duration of OF <48 h) have different outcomes. We have compared the clinical course and outcome of patients with severe AP (SAP) with TOF and POF in the first week of hospitalization as well as the impact of change in the OF score in the first week on patient outcome.

Methods: Consecutive patients with SAP were evaluated for OF and its dynamics during the first week of hospitalization.

Parathyroid failure following thyroid surgery.

This cross-sectional study was done to see the association of post thyroidectomy parathyroid failure with thyroid disease and type of surgery. It was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during the period of July 2008 to June 2010. Total 50 cases of thyroid malignancy and multinodular goiter who had undergone total or near total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection were studied.