A Step-by-Step Surgical Technique to the Posterior Auricular "Revolving Door" Flap for Conchal Tumor Excision: A Guide for the Surgical and Dermatological Trainee.

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and the auricle is particularly vulnerable to the effects of cumulative sun exposure. Reconstruction of auricular defects after skin cancer excision remains a vexing surgical challenge owing to the complex three-dimensional- anatomy of the external ear, particularly in the conchal bowl. The postauricular island "revolving door" flap is a reliable single-stage method for reconstructing anterior auricular and conchal defects.

Decompressive nerve surgery associated with low diabetic foot ulcer rate and high-risk bias: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) occurs in 50% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Up to 70% of DM patients incur diabetic foot ulcer(s) (DFU). Of those with DSPN, 20% develop DFU and medical therapy remains challenging.

Flap neurotisation improves sensation outcomes in abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Flap neurotisation is a promising solution to restore the diminished or complete loss of sensation following mastectomy. This systematic review compared sensory outcomes in neurotised versus non-neurotised abdominal-based autologous breast reconstructions to establish its benefit in routine clinical practice.

Methods: A literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.

The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Outcome Measurement in Facial Reanimation Surgery: A Review.

Surgeons treating facial paralysis with reanimation surgery measure the outcomes of surgery and adjust treatment to each patient's needs. Our objective is to review the current subjective facial paralysis assessment tools and the emerging computer-based objective analysis, which may involve artificial intelligence. In recent years, many new automated approaches to outcome measurement in facial reanimation surgery have been developed.

Trends and variations in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rates in Australia over 10 years.

Background: Offering breast reconstruction (BR) at the time of mastectomy is standard of care in Australia with proven quality-of-life benefits. Previously BR rates in Australia have been low compared to similar countries. Accurate up-to-date information is needed to promote equity in access to BR and inform future planning of services.

Voluntary and Spontaneous Smile Quantification in Facial Palsy Patients: Validation of a Novel Mobile Application.

Restoration of spontaneous smiling is a key goal in facial reanimation. A major obstacle to quantifying recovery of spontaneous smiling is the current lack of a uniform and objective means of smile quantification. To compare the facial movements during smiling in patients with facial paralysis as measured by an automated application and human observers.

Facial nerve palsy: Narrative review on the importance of the eye and its assessment.

New solutions are emerging that address specific facial regions in facial nerve palsy (FNP). However the most dreaded consequence of FNP is paralytic lagophthalmos threatening the eye. A way to prioritize these regions is thus required.

Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap safety profile in slim versus non-slim BMI patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/purpose: The complications of breast reconstruction using deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps in non-slim patients are well recognized. However, the effects of this surgery performed on slim patients are yet to be consolidated. This study aims to compare the outcomes of performing DIEP flap breast reconstruction in slim and non-slim body mass index (BMI) patients.

Automated Spontaneity Assessment after Smile Reanimation: A Machine Learning Approach.

Background: Recreation of a spontaneous, emotional smile remains a paramount goal of smile reanimation surgery. However, optimal techniques to reliably restore spontaneity remain unknown. Dual automated machine-learning tools were used to develop an objective tool to analyze spontaneous smiling.

Foulant Identification and Performance Evaluation of Antiscalants in Increasing the Recovery of a Reverse Osmosis System Treating Anaerobic Groundwater.

The objectives of this study are to assess the performance of antiscalants in increasing the recovery (≥85%) of a reverse osmosis (RO) plant treating anaerobic groundwater (GW) in Kamerik (the Netherlands), and to identify scalants/foulant that may limit RO recovery. Five different commercially available antiscalants were compared on the basis of their manufacturer-recommended dose. Their ability to increase the recovery from 80% to a target of 85% was evaluated in pilot-scale measurements with anaerobic GW and in once-through lab-scale RO tests with synthetic (artificial) feedwater.

Neurotization Preferences in Smile Reanimation: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Common donor nerve options in smile reanimation include ipsilateral trigeminal motor or contralateral facial nerve branches. Neurotization preference may be influenced by multiple factors, whose relative importance remains poorly understood. In this article, decision-making in smile reanimation is assessed using a stated preference model.

Comparing the bacterial growth potential of ultra-low nutrient drinking water assessed by growth tests based on flow cytometric intact cell count versus adenosine triphosphate.

The bacterial growth potential (BGP) of drinking water is widely assessed either by flow cytometric intact cell count (BGP) or adenosine triphosphate (BGP) based methods. Combining BGP and BGP measurements has been previously applied for various types of drinking water having high to low growth potential. However, this has not been applied for water with ultra-low nutrient content, such as remineralised RO permeate.

A Patient With Traumatic Upper Eyelid Ectropion and Their Management by Canthopexy.

Upper eyelid ectropion is rare. When it does occur, the cicatricial subset of upper eyelid ectropion is its most common manifestation. Due to its rarity, little has been published regarding its treatment.

Multi-parametric assessment of biological stability of drinking water produced from groundwater: Reverse osmosis vs. conventional treatment.

Although water produced by reverse osmosis (RO) filtration has low bacterial growth potential (BGP), post-treatment of RO permeate, which is necessary prior to distribution and human consumption, needs to be examined because of the potential re-introduction of nutrients/contaminants. In this study, drinking water produced from anaerobic groundwater by RO and post-treatment (ion exchange, calcite contactors, and aeration) was compared with that produced by conventional treatment comprising (dry) sand filtration, pellet softening, rapid sand filtration, activated carbon filtration, and UV disinfection. The multi-parametric assessment of biological stability included bacterial quantification, nutrient concentration and composition as well as bacterial community composition and diversity.

Nasolabial fold dynamics: Implications for facial paralysis and facial reanimation surgery.

Objectives: In patients with facial paralysis, facial reanimation surgery may be needed to normalize facial soft tissue function/movements. Critical for this normalization is the dynamics of the nasolabial folds (NLFs). The objective of this prospective, observational study was to determine the 3D morphologic dynamics of the NLFs in patients with unilateral facial palsy and normal subjects.

Toward an Automatic System for Computer-Aided Assessment in Facial Palsy.

Quantitative assessment of facial function is challenging, and subjective grading scales such as House-Brackmann, Sunnybrook, and eFACE have well-recognized limitations. Machine learning (ML) approaches to facial landmark localization carry great clinical potential as they enable high-throughput automated quantification of relevant facial metrics from photographs and videos. However, the translation from research settings to clinical application still requires important improvements.

Spontaneity Assessment in Dually Innervated Gracilis Smile Reanimation Surgery.

Importance: Surgeons have sought to optimize outcomes of smile reanimation surgery by combining inputs from nerve-to-masseter and cross-face nerve grafts. An objective assessment tool could help surgeons evaluate outcomes to determine the optimal neural sources for smile reanimation.

Objective: To evaluate the use of a novel video time-stamping method and standard outcome measurement tools to assess outcomes of facial reanimation surgery using various innervation strategies.

In the Eye of the Beholder: Changes in Perceived Emotion Expression after Smile Reanimation.

Background: Tools to quantify layperson assessments of facial palsy are lacking. In this study, artificial intelligence was applied to develop a proxy for layperson assessments, and compare sensitivity to existing outcome measures.

Methods: Artificially intelligent emotion detection software was used to develop the emotionality quotient.

Patient experience in nerve-to-masseter-driven smile reanimation.

Introduction: The nerve-to-masseter is one of the most frequently used neural sources in smile reanimation surgery. Very little information has been reported on patient experience with regard to reanimated smile usage and sequelae following transfer. The aim of this study was to quantify patient perception of nerve-to-masseter use in smile reanimation surgery.

The spectrum of facial palsy: The MEEI facial palsy photo and video standard set.

Objectives: Facial palsy causes variable facial disfigurement ranging from subtle asymmetry to crippling deformity. There is no existing standard database to serve as a resource for facial palsy education and research. We present a standardized set of facial photographs and videos representing the entire spectrum of flaccid and nonflaccid (aberrantly regenerated or synkinetic) facial palsy.