Cerebellar and parkinsonian phenotypes in multiple system atrophy: similarities, differences and survival.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease with two motor phenotypes: parkinsonian (MSA-P) and cerebellar (MSA-C). To elucidate whether in addition to the motor abnormalities there are other significant differences between these phenotypes, we performed a retrospective review of 100 patients (61 males, 39 females) with a diagnosis of possible (12 %), or probable (88 %) MSA. Four patients eventually had post-mortem confirmation (i.

Results of diplopia and strabismus in patients with severe thyroid ophthalmopathy after orbital decompression.

Purpose: It has been frequently stated that the orbital decompression, in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy, does not usually improve extraocular muscles function and that after the operation there is often a deterioration of these functions. The purpose of this article is evaluation of extraocular muscles function after applying personal method of 3 wall orbital decompression.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of case records of 119 patients with severe thyroid ophthalmopathy seen and treated by the author between December 1986 and December 2010.

Role of DJ-1 in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, is a multifactorial disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Although most patients suffering from PD have a sporadic disease, several genetic causes have been identified in recent years, including alpha-synuclein, parkin, PINK1, dardarin (LRRK2), and DJ-1. DJ-1 deletions and point mutations have been found worldwide, and loss of functional protein was shown to cause autosomal recessive PD.