A case series utilizing bone marrow aspirate concentrate, cancellous bone autograft, platelet-rich plasma and autologous fibrin for the treatment of femur nonunions.

To assess the efficacy of a bioregenerative scaffold derived from bone marrow aspirate, cancellous bone autograft, platelet-rich plasma and autologous fibrin in treating supracondylar femur nonunions. Three patients with nonunions following multiple surgical failures underwent bone stabilization and the application of a novel bioregenerative scaffold. x-rays and subjective scales were collected before surgery and at 6, 12 and 24 months post-surgery.

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration.

Periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition, affects the supporting structures of teeth, leading to significant oral health challenges. Traditional treatments have primarily focused on mechanical debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and surgery, which often fail to restore lost periodontal structures. Emerging as a novel approach in regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy, including exosomes, leverages nano-sized vesicles known for facilitating intercellular communication and modulating physiological and pathological processes.

Harnessing the Stem Cell Niche in Regenerative Medicine: Innovative Avenue to Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Regenerative medicine harnesses the body's innate capacity for self-repair to restore malfunctioning tissues and organs. Stem cell therapies represent a key regenerative strategy, but to effectively harness their potential necessitates a nuanced understanding of the stem cell niche. This specialized microenvironment regulates critical stem cell behaviors including quiescence, activation, differentiation, and homing.

Cytokine Dynamics in Autism: Analysis of BMAC Therapy Outcomes.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently been linked to neuroinflammation and an aberrant immune response within the central nervous system. The intricate relationship between immune response and ASD remains elusive, with a gap in understanding the connection between specific immune mechanisms and neural manifestations in autism. In this study, we employed a comprehensive statistical approach, fusing both overarching and granular methods to examine the concentration of 16 cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across each autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) intrathecal administration in 63 male and 17 female autism patients.

Potential Impact of Polymorphisms in Toll-like Receptors 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-196a Genes on Osteoarthritis Susceptibility.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive inflammatory disease of synovial joints and a leading cause of disability among adults. Inflammation-related genes, including genes for Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are tightly controlled by several microRNAs that, in addition to their pivotal role in the epigenetic regulation of target genes, are ligands for TLR activation and downstream signaling. Thus, we evaluated the association between OA risk and genetic variants in TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, and microRNAs that regulate TLRs signaling miR146a, miR155, and miR196a2.

Stem Cell Homing in Intrathecal Applications and Inspirations for Improvement Paths.

A transplanted stem cell homing is a directed migration from the application site to the targeted tissue. Intrathecal application of stem cells is their direct delivery to cerebrospinal fluid, which defines the homing path from the point of injection to the brain. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases, this application method has the advantage of no blood-brain barrier restriction.

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate versus Platelet Rich Plasma or Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.

In the last decade, regenerative therapies have become one of the leading disease modifying options for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Still, there is a lack of trials with a direct comparison of different biological treatments. Our aim was to directly compare clinical outcomes of knee injections of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC), Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP), or Hyaluronic acid (HA) in the OA treatment.

Do knee injection portals affect clinical results of bone marrow aspirate concentrate injection in the treatment of osteoarthritis? A prospective randomized controlled study.

To explore the effect that the location of needle placement has on efficacy and tolerability of bone marrow aspirate concentrate injections during treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate injections were administered to 111 patients via superolateral, anteromedial or anterolateral portals. Pain was assessed by visual analog scale before and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after intervention.

An insight into osteoarthritis susceptibility: Integration of immunological and genetic background.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects all synovial joints, causing the disability of the main locomotor diarthrodial joints. OA pathogenesis is caused by a complex interplay between a number of genetic and environmental risk factors, involved in the early onset and progression of this chronic inflammatory joint disease. Uncovering the underlying immunological and genetic mechanisms will enable an insight into OA pathophysiology and lead to novel and integrative approaches in the treatment of OA patients, together with a reduction of the disease risk, or a delay of its onset in susceptible patients.

Treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures using Ilizarov technique.

Complex tibial plateau fractures are most commonly caused by high-energy trauma and they are often associated with severe soft tissue injuries that can frequently result in severe complications. Ilizarov external circular fixation is an ideal method of treatment for high- energy fractures of the tibial plateau when extensive soft tissue dissection and internal fixation are contraindicated. Our research included 50 consecutive patients and clinical features of the patients were evaluated during the follow up period using the following instruments: Gustillo-Anderson, Sc- hatzker and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/ OTA) classification methods.

Scaphoid fractures in children.

Introduction: Scaphoid fractures are rare in childhood. Diagnosis is very difficult to establish because carpal bones are not fully ossified. In suspected cases comparative or delayed radiography is used, as well as computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and bone scintigraphy.

An anatomical study of the lumbar external foraminal ligaments: appearance at MR imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the MRI appearance of the ligaments within the external space of the lumbar intervertebral foramen by correlating MR images with the corresponding anatomic dissection of the cadaver lumbar spine.

Methods: This was a two part study. Part I of the anatomic study consisted of the dissection of lumbar specimens from one embalmed adult male cadaver.

[Humeral lengthening: case report].

Introduction: Difference in length of upper extremities has mainly esthetic significance and is therefore not so often a subject of operative treatment, compared to lower extremities.

Case Outline: We are presenting a case of a 16-year-old patient in whom a shortening of 9 cm of the right humerus was determined at the end of growth. This shortening was the result of surgical treatment of solitary bone cyst at the proximal end of the humerus done at the age of 10 years.

Ectopic adrenocortical tissue: an incidental finding during inguinal surgery in children.

Adrenal rests are usually unrecognized during operation, and the incidence of ectopic adrenal cortical tissue in pediatric patients during inguinal surgery procedures is unknown. We performed 3028 groin surgical explorations in 2680 patients aged 1 month to 17 years. Ectopic adrenal tissue was found in 69 inguinal operations (2.

[Pediatric femur fractures, epidemiology and treatment].

Background/aim: Femur fractures in children most often occur as a consequence of traffic accidents, during play and sport activities, and due to different pathological states. Diagnosis is rather simple and it includes physical and radiographical examination. Femur fractures treatment in children can be operative and unoperative, depending on several facts: age, localisation and type of fracture, joint injuries of soft tissues, the presence of other injuries (in polytrauma), economical and social aspects, ect.

[Ultrasonographic differentiation of painful hip in developmental age].

Introduction: The most common diseases in the group of painful hip are transient synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, infective (septic) arthritis, Perthes disease and slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis.

Methodology: The algorhythm covers the first and control examinations in certain time intervals (after: 3-7, 7-15, 21-30 days; as well as 2-4 months).

Results And Discussion: The most frequent feature of painful hip is transient synovitis with 65%, Perthes disease with 13%, septic arthritis with 6%, rheumatoid arthritis and slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis with 2.

Osteoid osteoma: fluoroscopic guided percutaneous excision technique - our experience.

Osteoid osteoma is a small benign bone lesion. It generally affects children and young adults. Traditional treatment of osteoid osteoma includes excision either by wide resection, or by the removal of the nidus using curettes and burrs after opening the overlying cortex.

Status of bone mineral content and body composition in boys engaged in intensive physical activity.

Background/aim: It is well known that physical activity has an anabolic effect on bone tissue. But there is a lack of information about the effect of intensive physical activity in childhood, particularly at the prepubertal stage. To examine the influence of training on body composition and bone mineral density we have studied a group of prepubertal soccer players as well as a group of inactive prepubertal boys at the starting phase of their peak bone mass acquisition.

Cell image area as a tool for neuronal classification.

The measurement of the area of a shapeless plane region is one of the basic problems in traditional calculus. In order to calculate the 'true' area of such a region, we have superimposed a net of identical squares on this region, counted the squares containing at least one point of the region, and calculated the sum of the areas of said squares. This sum represents an approximation of the region's area.

[Some considerations on evaluation of the acutely limping child].

Introduction: An acute limp implies an underlying pathology that causes disruption of the standard gait pattern.

Diagnosis And History Of Disease: The differential diagnosis of a limp includes trauma, infection neoplasia, inflammatory, congenital, neuromuscular or developmental disorders. History of disease and clinical examination present first steps in adequate evaluation.

[Osteosynthesis with Kirschner pin fixation in treatment of fractures with dislocation of the lateral condyle of the humerus in a pediatric population].

Introduction: Fractures of lateral condyle represent 17% of all pediatric fractures of the distal humerus, and in current pediatric orthopedics there is still no agreement regarding optimal treatment modalities. We presented a treatment protocol for pediatric dislocated fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus used at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Novi Sad.

Material And Methods: Over the study period (1991-2000) a total of 48 patients with dislocated fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus were hospitalized at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic.

[Osteosynthesis with Kirschner wires in the treatment of dislocated supracondylar humeral fractures in children].

Introduction: Elbow fractures account for 7-9% of all fractures in childhood, while the supracondylar type is the most common (up to 70%). 84% of all supracondylar elbow fractures occur under the age of 10 years (most often between the age of 5 and 8). The aim of this study was to present the technique and results of treatment of supracondylar fractures with grade III fragment dislocation in pediatric population.

[Septic arthritis in neonates and infants].

Introduction: Septic arthritis represents an intra-articular infection caused by pyogenic bacteria. During the earliest childhood it is considered to be a systemic septic condition and demands early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with septic arthritis treated at the Department of Orthopedics of the Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Novi Sad, over a 10-year period.