Squamous cell carcinoma of the colon - a case report.

Background: Primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the colon are extremely rare and occur predominantly in the fifth decade of life, with a slight prevalence in men. The most common anatomical sites are the rectum and the proximal colon. Clinical signs and common dia-gnostic methods cannot clearly distinguish SCC from adenocarcinoma.

Complete Response to Chemotherapy in Metastatic Pancreatic Carcinoma Associated with Double Heterozygous Germline Mutation in BRCA2 and CHEK2 Genes - a Case Report.

Background: Metastatic pancreatic carcinoma is an aggressive disease with adverse prognosis. Despite slight advances in chemotherapy, complete remission of the disease is extremely rare.

Case: In this article we present a case of a patient with initially metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, associated with double heterozygous germline mutation in BRCA2 and CHEK2 genes, with the description of clinical, radiological and histomorphological characteristics of the disease as well as the dia-gnostic and therapeutic procedure.

βcatenin is a marker of poor clinical characteristics and suppressed immune infiltration in testicular germ cell tumors.

Background: WNT/βcatenin (WNTβ) pathway is activated in early stages of embryonic development. We aimed to evaluate the significance of βcatenin in germ cell tumors (GCTs) and explore associations with the inflamed environment.

Methods: Surgical specimens from 247 patients were analyzed.

Systemic immune-inflammation index in germ-cell tumours.

Background: We evaluated systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and its association with patient outcome in germ-cell tumours (GCTs).

Methods: Two independent cohorts of patients were analysed; the discovery set (n=171) from a single institution and the validation set (n=181) previously included in a study evaluating PD-L1 in GCTs. The SII was calculated using platelet (P), neutrophil (N) and lymphocyte (L) counts before chemotherapy and correlated with survival using regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier method.

PARP expression in germ cell tumours.

Background: Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a new class of promising drugs in anticancer therapy.

Aims: To evaluate PARP expression in testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) and to correlate expression patterns with clinicopathological variables.

Methods: In this translational study, tumour specimens from 124 patients with GCTs (114 patients with testicular primary tumours and 10 with extragonadal GCTs) were identified.