Addictive potential of novel treatments for refractory depression and anxiety.

Treatment-resistant mood disorders and anxiety disorders require intensive treatment, but treatment options should balance benefits and adverse effects or other potential detrimental effects on patients, including the risk of developing prescription medication addiction. Some of the newer treatment modalities for mood and anxiety disorders may have similar properties to benzodiazepines. The goal of this review was to identify the potential for developing dependence on the novel treatment approaches to treatment-resistant depression and refractory anxiety disorders.

Mixed symptoms in major depressive and bipolar disorders: A systematic review.

Background: The DSM-5 mixed features specifier for mood disorders encourages renewed interest in mixed states and led us to pool research findings regarding prevalence of mixed features in episodes of major depressive (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BD).

Methods: We systematically searched to July 2017 for reports on mixed symptoms in depressive episodes of MDD and in depression and mania or hypomania in types I and II BD. For primary mood-states and diagnostic groups we compared rates of the presence of mixed symptoms: as defined by DSM-5 (≥3 features opposite to the dominant mood-polarity but not overlapping those of the primary disorder) or as having any ≥3 features of opposite polarity.

Current status of electroconvulsive therapy for mood disorders: a clinical review.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for mood disorders and a viable treatment option especially when urgency of clinical situation requires a prompt treatment response. After acute series of ECT, the ECT long-term treatment may be considered, although this practice may vary significantly between countries or even within the same country, because there is no universal consensus about its indications, duration and frequency of administration. Continuation or maintenance ECT is common in routine clinical practice and clinicians should be aware of the risks of using ECT long term.

CRITICAL REVIEW OF AVAILABLE TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT REFRACTORY DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY - CLINICAL AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS.

Treatment-resistant mood and anxiety disorders require an intensive therapeutic approach, and it should balance benefits and adverse effects or other potential detrimental effects of medications. The goal of treatment is to provide consistent and lasting improvement in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Beozodiazepines are effective for anxiety symptoms, but with no sustained treatment effects.

[Chlorpromazine-induced status epilepticus: a case report].

Introduction: It is largely known that some antipsychotic agents could have proconvulsive and proepileptogenic effects in some patients and could induce EEG abnormalities as well. However, the association of status epilepticus with certain antipsychotic drugs has been very rarely reported.

Case Report: A case of an 18-year-old adolescent girl, with chlorpromazine therapy started for anxiety-phobic disorder was reported.

Co-occurrence of Axis I and Axis II disorders in female and male patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare female and male patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) for the co-occurring Axis I and Axis II (personality) disorders, to better understand sex differences in PDA.

Methods: The Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders were administered to 157 consecutive outpatients (112 females and 45 males) with principal diagnosis of PDA, who sought treatment at the 2 anxiety disorders clinics. Women and men with PDA were then compared with regard to the type and frequency of the co-occurring Axis I and Axis II disorders.

Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This review focuses on the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It briefly addresses prevalence, diagnostic and differential diagnostic issues specific to adults. Stimulant medication, non-stimulant medication, and psychosocial treatments are thoroughly reviewed.

Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This review focuses on the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It briefly addresses prevalence, diagnostic and differential diagnostic issues specific to adults. Stimulant medication, non-stimulant medication, and psychosocial treatments are thoroughly reviewed.

Current issues and trends in the diagnosis and treatment of adults with ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been commonly thought of as a childhood disorder that diminished over time. It is one of the most common developmental disorders and it is estimated that ADHD affects 5-10% of children. Two-thirds of children with ADHD will continue to have symptoms of ADHD that persist throughout adolescence.

Are there gender differences in catastrophic appraisals in panic disorder with agoraphobia?

Our aim in this study was to compare panic-related catastrophic appraisals between women and men with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). One hundred two outpatients with PDA (75 women and 27 men) participated. Two instruments for the assessment of catastrophic appraisals, Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and Panic Appraisal Inventory, were administered before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that also included pharmacotherapy in three-fourths of the patients.

[Social phobia in developmental period: from theory to therapy].

The contemporary integrative theoretical and therapeutic concepts of social phobia in developmental period have been presented in the study. Besides current neurobiological theories, a very important hypothesis about behavioral inhibition has been represented as a predisposition of social phobia. The cognitive-behavioral theories of social phobia are dominant among psychological theories.

Treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia in an anxiety disorders clinic: factors influencing psychiatrists' treatment choices.

The main objective of this report was to identify patient characteristics that led psychiatrists in an academic anxiety disorders clinic to make a decision about intensive treatment of patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone, CBT plus a high-potency benzodiazepine (CBT+BZ) or CBT combined with BZ and an antidepressant, fluoxetine (CBT+BZ+AD). On the basis of their clinical judgment and collaborative negotiation with the patient, psychiatrists chose one of the three treatment modalities for 102 PDA outpatients. Two stepwise logistic regressions were performed to explore pre-treatment patient characteristics the psychiatrists may have considered in choosing among these treatments.

[Psychological aspects of genital surgery in childhood].

Although the children's urogenital surgery is discipline in expansion which successfully solves even the most complicated anomalies of urogeniral tract, only lately there is enough attention paid on the psychological aspects of these anomalies and surgical operation on genitals. The boys with hypospadias, phimosis and other congenital anomalies represent a risky group for the difficulties in forming the sexual identity and for the appearance of different psychopathology in their childhood and later in life. The surgical operation itself presents a traumatic situation for the child and it may discredit the later psychosexual development of these boys in a great deal.

[Specific aspects of psychoses in mentally retarded children and adolescents].

Mental retardation is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by arrested or incomplete psychological development. The first part of the study deals with psychological and biological factors: etiology and pathogenesis of mental retardation and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Their etiopathogenesis is similar as in other neurodevelopmental disorders and it was analyzed in the part dealing with biological specificities of persons with mental retardation.

Panic disorder patients at the time of air strikes.

We assessed the impact of real danger on several aspects of the panic disorder (PD) patients' psychopathology and level of disability. At the time of the NATO air strikes on Belgrade, 84 PD patients who were in partial or complete remission were administered the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS). All had been treated previously, and the majority (58.