Postingestive reward acts through behavioral reinforcement and is conserved in obesity and after bariatric surgery.

Postingestive nutrient stimulation conditions food preferences through striatal dopamine and may be associated with blunted brain responses in obesity. In a cross-sectional study, we tested flavor-nutrient conditioning (FNC) with maltodextrin-enriched yogurt, with maltodextrin previously optimized for concentration and dextrose equivalents (n = 57), and to mask texture cues (n = 102). After conditioning, healthy volunteers (n = 52) increased preference for maltodextrin-paired (+102 kcal, CS+), relative to control (+1.

Relative sparing of dopaminergic terminals in the caudate nucleus is a feature of rest tremor in Parkinson's disease.

Resting tremor (RT) is a Parkinson's disease (PD) symptom with an unclear relationship to the dopaminergic system. We analysed data from 432 subjects from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, 57 additional PD patients and controls and 86 subjects referred for dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT-SPECT). Caudate binding ratio (CBR), but not putamen binding ratio, was higher in RT patients.

Baseline [F]FDG PET/CT and MRI first-order breast tumor features do not improve pathological complete response prediction to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: To verify the ability of pretreatment [F]FDG PET/CT and T1-weighed dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to predict pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods: This retrospective study includes patients with BC of no special type submitted to baseline [F]FDG PET/CT, NAC and surgery. [F]FDG PET-based features reflecting intensity and heterogeneity of tracer uptake were extracted from the primary BC and suspicious axillary lymph nodes (ALN), for comparative analysis related to NAC response (pCR vs.

Greater perceived stress management skills and heightened brain metabolic activity in cortical and subcortical stress processing regions in metastatic breast cancer patients.

Purpose: Emotional distress and adversity can contribute to negative health outcomes in women with breast cancer. Individual differences in perceived stress management skills such as cognitive reframing and relaxation for coping with adversity have been shown to predict less distress and better psychological and physiological adaptation. Prior work shows that more distressed breast cancer patients reveal less metabolic activity in brain regions such as the insula, thalamus, ventromedial and lateral prefrontal cortices.

Evaluation of Semiautomatic and Deep Learning-Based Fully Automatic Segmentation Methods on [F]FDG PET/CT Images from Patients with Lymphoma: Influence on Tumor Characterization.

The objective is to assess the performance of seven semiautomatic and two fully automatic segmentation methods on [F]FDG PET/CT lymphoma images and evaluate their influence on tumor quantification. All lymphoma lesions identified in 65 whole-body [F]FDG PET/CT staging images were segmented by two experienced observers using manual and semiautomatic methods. Semiautomatic segmentation using absolute and relative thresholds, k-means and Bayesian clustering, and a self-adaptive configuration (SAC) of k-means and Bayesian was applied.

Striatal dopamine D2-like receptors availability in obesity and its modulation by bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is significant evidence linking a 'reward deficiency syndrome' (RDS), comprising decreased availability of striatal dopamine D2-like receptors (DD2lR) and addiction-like behaviors underlying substance use disorders and obesity. Regarding obesity, a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis of such data is lacking. Following a systematic review of the literature, we performed random-effects meta-analyses to determine group differences in case-control studies comparing DD2lR between individuals with obesity and non-obese controls and prospective studies of pre- to post-bariatric surgery DD2lR changes.

Patlak plot based on the first 30 minutes post-injection dynamic F-florbetaben positron emission tomography scan separates amyloid-β positive from negative studies.

Objective: This work aims to search for the shortest duration of an early F-florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) dynamic acquisition to obtain reliable information on the brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and perfusion.

Methods: 25 patients that underwent an early F-florbetaben PET dynamic acquisition starting immediately post-injection (maximum of 60 min duration) were retrospectively included. Reference region-based Patlak plot [Formula: see text] (transference rate to the irreversible compartment) and [Formula: see text] (distribution volume) were computed.

I-FP-CIT SPECT in dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: a new quantitative analysis of autopsy confirmed cases.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the differentiation of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) using a quantitative analysis of I-FP-CIT SPECT scans.

Methods: Thirty-six patients with in vivo I-FP-CIT SPECT and neuropathological diagnoses were included. Based on neuropathological criteria, patients were further subclassified into nine AD, eight DLB, ten PD and nine with other diagnoses.

Are lesion features reproducible between F-FDG PET/CT images when acquired on analog or digital PET/CT scanners?

Objectives: To compare lesion features extracted from F-FDG PET/CT images acquired on analog and digital scanners, on consecutive imaging data from the same subjects.

Methods: Whole-body F-FDG PET/CT images from 55 oncological patients were acquired twice after a single F-FDG injection, with a digital and an analog PET/CT scanner, alternately. Twenty-nine subjects were examined first on the digital, and 26 first on the analog equipment.

Negative affect and stress-related brain metabolism in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Cancer and its treatment represent major stressors requiring that patients make multiple adaptations. Despite evidence that poor adaptation to stressors is associated with more distress and negative affect (NA), neuroimmune dysregulation and poorer health outcomes, current understanding is very limited of how NA covaries with central nervous system changes to account for these associations.

Methods: NA was correlated with brain metabolic activity using F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( F-FDG PET/CT) in several regions of interest in 61 women with metastatic breast cancer.

Gastric GIST Incidentally Detected on 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT: Correlation Between Functional Imaging and Histology.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is specific for prostate cancer cells; nevertheless when finding uptake in abnormal locations for prostate cancer metastases, it is important to consider other hypothesis, including second cancers. There are several papers about PSMA expression in many different types of cancer, but few reported expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In this case, we documented the GIST lesion not only by PET/CT but also by gastroscopy and histology.

Extraction, selection and comparison of features for an effective automated computer-aided diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on [I]FP-CIT SPECT images.

Purpose: This work aimed to assess the potential of a set of features extracted from [I]FP-CIT SPECT brain images to be used in the computer-aided "in vivo" confirmation of dopaminergic degeneration and therefore to assist clinical decision to diagnose Parkinson's disease.

Methods: Seven features were computed from each brain hemisphere: five standard features related to uptake ratios on the striatum and two features related to the estimated volume and length of the striatal region with normal uptake. The features were tested on a dataset of 652 [I]FP-CIT SPECT brain images from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative.

18F-FDG Uptake in Ischemic Colitis During Follow-up of a Patient With Lung Cancer.

A 61-year-old man with previous history of lung adenocarcinoma underwent 2 F-FDG PET/CT investigations. The first for assessment of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes revealed an area of increased FDG uptake in the sigmoid colon (located at the right pelvis). Colonoscopy showed a segmental area of ischemic sigmoid colitis, confirmed on histology postbiopsy.

Differentiation of frontotemporal dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies using FP-CIT SPECT.

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that imaging with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT is helpful in differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) but it is not known how well the scan performs in differentiating DLB from frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Method: We compared the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in FTD (n=12), DLB (n=10) and AD (n=9) by visually rating the caudate and putamen on [123I]FP-CIT SPECT scans.

Results: The majority (9/10) of DLB cases had an abnormal scan and a significant reduction of uptake of DAT binding in the putamen and the caudate.