Carbon-Dots-Mediated Improvement of Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products.

The development of new microbicidal compounds has become a top priority due to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. In this study, blue-emitting and positively charged carbon dots (CDs), called Du-CDs, were fabricated for the first time utilizing the natural product extract of endophyte YSP3 as raw material through a one-step solvothermal method, which possessed varied functional groups including amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfite groups. Interestingly, Du-CDs exhibited notably enhanced antimicrobial activities toward both bacteria and fungi as compared to the natural product extract of YSP3, with low minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Quality of Life Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Anterolateral Thigh Flap and Pectoralis Major Myo-cutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Post Excision Defects of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Present study is a comparative evaluation of the financial impact on choice of flap, clinical results as well as post resection quality of life assessment of cancer patients reconstructed with anterolateral thigh(ALT) flap and pectoralis major myo-cutaneous(PMMC) flap. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethical committee. In this non-randomised, prospective study design among 49 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases, 39 cases were reconstructed using PMMC flap and 10 using ALT flap from year 2020 to 2022.

Comparative evaluation of mucin and total protein in periodontal disease before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Background: Periodontal ailments cause a quantum leap in the biomarker profile of the saliva. This profile is, in fact, the epiphany of the scale and extent of the disease. Both gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a step-grade progression.

Comparative evaluation of hard and soft tissue parameters by using short implants and standard long implants with sinus lift for prosthetic rehabilitation of posterior maxilla.

Objective: The objective is to compare and evaluate the hard and soft tissue parameters by using short and standard long implants with sinus lifting in the posterior maxilla.

Materials And Methods: Eleven patients with complaints of missing upper back teeth were enrolled in the study for implant-supported rehabilitation and were categorized into two groups: Group long (GL): longer implant (>8 mm) placement, preceded by Sinus Augmentation. Group short (GS): short implant (≤8 mm) placement, without sinus augmentation.

Frequency of Complete Remission With R-CHOP Therapy in Patients With Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.

Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) exhibits notable heterogeneity in clinical presentations and treatment responses, posing challenges in predicting outcomes and tailoring therapeutic strategies for affected patients. Despite advancements in molecular subtyping and prognostic assessment, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal management of DLBCL, highlighting the need for localized investigations to better understand treatment responses and outcomes within specific patient populations. Objective To assess the frequency of complete remission (CR) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients undergoing first-line rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) therapy within a specific adult population.

Understanding lived experiences and perceptions of resilience in black and South Asian Muslim children living in East London: a qualitative study protocol.

Introduction: It is important to promote resilience in preadolescence; however, there is limited research on children's understandings and experiences of resilience. Quantitative approaches may not capture dynamic and context-specific aspects of resilience. Resilience research has historically focused on white, middle-class Western adults and adolescents, creating an evidence gap regarding diverse experiences of resilience in middle childhood which could inform interventions.

British South Asian ancestry participants views of pharmacogenomics clinical implementation and research: a thematic analysis.

Background: South Asian ancestry populations are underrepresented in genomic studies and therapeutics trials. British South Asians suffer from multi-morbidity leading to polypharmacy. Our objective was to elucidate British South Asian ancestry community perspectives on pharmacogenomic implementation and sharing pharmacogenomic clinical data for research.

Photobac derived from bacteriochlorophyll-a shows potential for treating brain tumor in animal models by photodynamic therapy with desired pharmacokinetics and limited toxicity in rats and dogs.

Photobac is a near infrared photosensitizer (PS) derived from naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll- a, with a potential for treating a variety of cancer types (U87, F98 and C6 tumor cells in vitro). The main objective of the studies presented herein was to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile of Photobac in animals (mice, rats and dogs) and submit these results to the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for its approval to initiate Phase I human clinical trials of glioblastoma, a deadly cancer disease with no long term cure. The photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of Photobac was evaluated in mice subcutaneously implanted with U87 tumors, and in rats bearing C6 tumors implanted in brain.

Palatal bone block: A predictable bone augmentation technique for restricted maxillary defect.

Bone grafting for implant dentistry depends on bone quality, quantity, and biological principles for good outcome. Autogenous bone as donor remains the gold standard among all the available materials. However, it carries unpredictable morbidity and need for different surgical sites.

Excitation of a Single Compound by Light and Ultrasound Enhanced the Long-Term Cure of Mice Bearing Prostate Tumors.

Current treatment for prostate cancer is dependent on the stages of the cancer, recurrence, and genetic factors. Treatment varies from active surveillance or watchful waiting to prostatectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in combination or alone. Although radical prostate cancer therapy reduces the advancement of the disease and its mortality, the increased disease treatment associated morbidity, erectile dysfunction, and incontinence affect the quality of life of cancer survivors.

A Remarkable Difference in Pharmacokinetics of Fluorinated Versus Iodinated Photosensitizers Derived from Chlorophyll-a and a Direct Correlation between the Tumor Uptake and Anti-Cancer Activity.

To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic profile and anti-cancer activity of fluorinated and iodinated photosensitizers (PSs), the 3-(1'-(-fluorobenzyloxy)ethyl pyropheophorbide and the corresponding meta-(-) and para (-) fluorinated analogs (methyl esters and carboxylic acids) were synthesized. Replacing iodine with fluorine in PSs did not make any significant difference in fluorescence and singlet oxygen (a key cytotoxic agent) production. The nature of the delivery vehicle and tumor types showed a significant difference in uptake and long-term cure by photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially in the iodinated PS.

Comparison between all-on-four and all-on-six treatment concepts on stress distribution for full-mouth rehabilitation using three-dimensional finite element analysis: A biomechanical study.

Purpose: The current study intended to provide a comparison of biomechanical behaviors of two different treatment concepts for full-mouth rehabilitation with dental implants placed according to the "All-on-four" concept and "All-on-six" concept with analysis of the stress patterns of the implant support system using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials And Methods: The edentulous mandible was treated with two different implant designs. "All-on-Four" implant placement concept was used in Model 1 with two central axial implants and two distally tilted implants at 17° and in Model 2, "All-on-Six" concept was applied with six vertically placed implants.

Frequency and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Among Breast Cancer Patients Presenting to Medical Oncology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting females. The outcomes of this study will aid future research and policy suggestions by giving a rapid local burden and clinicopathologic profile of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Oncology, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan, from April 21, 2022, to October 21, 2022.

Tent screws: Predictable guided bone regeneration.

Bone regeneration of large maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridge defects is clinically challenging. Various techniques have been described for the reconstruction of these deficiencies before implant placement. The tent screw-pole technique is one of the effective methods available for clinicians to perform the predictable functional and esthetic reconstruction.

En Block Versus Separate Management of Cervical Nodes in Tongue and Floor of the Mouth Cancers- Is There a Difference? An Analysis of 85 Cases in a Tertiary Care Institute.

To evaluate difference in local recurrence, regional (neck) recurrence as well as distant metastases between cases operated with en-block excision of primary cancer and neck nodes versus their separate removal, in squamous cell carcinomas of anterior 2/3 of tongue and floor of the mouth. A total 85 patients of cT1-T4a N0-N2b of carcinoma anterior 2/3 of tongue and floor of mouth were evaluated. Amongst these patients 39 cases of in-continuity en-block neck dissection and 46 cases of discontinuous neck dissection were evaluated for post-operative complications as well as oncological outcome for a follow up period of 3 years.

Pink gingival restoration: An acceptable treatment for complex ridge defects.

Complex implant prosthetic reconstruction poses several challenges. The lost anatomy of periodontium due to trauma or long-standing missing teeth, especially in esthetic area, requires several surgical visits for recovery. The augmentation procedures are technique sensitive and unpredictable and need long commitment from the patient.

Impact of mono- and di-β-galactose moieties in / anticancer efficacy of pyropheophorbide-carbohydrate conjugates by photodynamic therapy.

To investigate the impact of mono- and di-β-galactose moieties in tumor uptake and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, HPPH [3-(1'-hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorobide-a], the meso pyropheophorbide-a [3-ethyl-3-devinyl-pyropheophorbide-a], and the corresponding 20-benzoic acid analogs were used as starting materials. Reaction of the intermediates containing one or two carboxylic acid functionalities with 1-aminogalactose afforded the desired 17- or 20(4')- mono- and 17, 20(4')-di galactose conjugated photosensitizers (PSs) with and without a carboxylic acid group. The overall lipophilicity caused by the presence of galactose in combination with either an ethyl or (1'-hexyloxy)ethyl side chain at position-3 of the macrocycle made a significant difference in uptake by tumor cells and photoreaction upon light exposure.

Mango-shaped Bi-paddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction for large full-thickness defects post resection of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity: An analysis of 232 cases.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility of bi-paddled pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap reconstruction in patient undergoing full thickness composite resection.

Materials And Methods: Inclusion criteria: The subjects chosen were patients with clinically T4A squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa, lower alveolus, and maxilla in with skin involvement. Patients required a full-thickness composite resection of intraoral lesion, bone (mandibular segment and/or maxilla), and overlying involved skin and had modified radical neck dissection.

Nucleus-targeting pH-Responsive carbon dots for fast nucleus pH detection.

Nucleus pH is closely linked to many diseases such as aging, heart disease, skeletal myopathies, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, etc. Nevertheless, fluorescent sensors that can directly monitor nucleus pH changes have not yet been reported. Here, we first reported a green emissive carbon dots (CDs) for nucleus pH detection in living cells.

Natural teeth and implant-retained prosthesis in treated periodontitis subjects.

History of periodontal disease is a risk factor for the development of peri-implantitis. Implant treatment in susceptible patients should be followed by adequate periodontal treatment and stringent supportive programs. The assessment of the patient needs to be carefully evaluated before the procedure for implants.

Tumor-Avid 3-(1'-Hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyrpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH)-3Gd(III)tetraxetan (DOTA) Conjugate Defines Primary Tumors and Metastases.

3-(1'-Hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH or Photochlor), a tumor-avid chlorophyll derivative currently undergoing human clinical trials, was conjugated with mono-, di-, and tri-Gd(III)tetraxetan (DOTA) moieties. The T/T relaxivity and PDT efficacy of these conjugates were determined. The tumor specificity of the most promising conjugate was also investigated at various time points in mice and rats bearing colon tumors, as well as rabbits bearing widespread metastases from VX2 systemic arterial disseminated metastases.

Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Doxorubicin Is Superior to Monotherapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer.

We have previously shown that a radioactive (I)-analog of methyl 3-(1'-(iodobexyloxy) ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (PET-ONCO), derived from chlorophyll-a can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of a variety of tumors, including those where F-FDG shows limitations. In this study, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of the corresponding non-radioactive photosensitizer (PS) was investigated in a variety of tumor types (NSCLC, SCC, adenocarcinoma) derived from lung cancer patients in mice tumor models. The in vitro and in vivo efficacy was also investigated in combination with doxorubicin, and a significantly enhanced long-term tumor response was observed.

An interdisciplinary approach for reconstruction of worn dentition.

Complete tooth wear dentition is multifactorial and has challenges with diagnosis and etiology. Their rehabilitation often requires orthognathic surgery, orthodontics, periodontal surgery, and prosthodontic guidelines for occlusion with harmonious facial and dental esthetics. A patient needs a multidisciplinary approach with systematic analysis to formulate evidence-based approach to improve function and esthetics.

Soft-tissues stabilization after immediate implant; platform switch with supraperiosteal augmentation.

The architecture around an oral implant pushes the clinicians for an equalization of biological and physiological requirements. An esthetic implant-supported restoration needs plethora of knowledge and expertise. Surgeon skills can be of use for correct tridimensional position of implant in the extraction socket, shaped abutment contours, and anatomical final crown.

One-piece implants: Careful approach for complex rehabilitation.

It is understood that one-piece implant design is a stronger concept as there is no connection between implant and abutment. The absence of a microgap can lead to minimal peri-implant bone loss. Furthermore, there is a reduction of mechanical complications such as screw loosening and abutment fractures.