Designing a Leadership Curriculum for Otolaryngology Residents: A Mixed Methods Needs Assessment.

Objectives: Perform a needs assessment for a novel leadership curriculum for otolaryngology residents.

Design: Cross-sectional, mixed-methods analysis.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Investigating the Potential of Haptic Props for 3D Object Manipulation in Handheld AR.

The manipulation of virtual 3D objects is essential for a variety of handheld AR scenarios. However, the mapping of commonly supported 2D touch gestures to manipulations in 3D space is not trivial. As an alternative, our work explores the use of haptic props that facilitate direct manipulation of virtual 3D objects with 6 degrees of freedom.

Sex Differences in Obstructive Patterns on Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

Objective: To identify and characterize sex differences in collapse patterns on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting: An outpatient tertiary care academic medical center.

Demographics of Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Who Undergo Nasal Surgery.

Objective: To assess the demographic characteristics between adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who did and did not undergo nasal surgery (NS).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Kaiser Permanente Northern California clinical database.

What are the Predictors of Success with Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects up to 4% of the adult population. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) was approved by the FDA in 2014 as a treatment option for patients with moderate to severe OSA who cannot tolerate CPAP and, since that time, studies have focused on predicting response to this therapy. This review summarizes the relevant literature assessing factors that predict HNS success including therapeutic response and device adherence.

Patient Reported Outcome Measures used in Surgical Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To identify patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to measure adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related quality of life in sleep surgery and analyze key psychometric properties in the original design and development of each PROM.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychINFO, and CINAHL.

Review Methods: A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Chemoselective Adsorption of Allyl Ethers on Si(001): How the Interaction between Two Functional Groups Controls the Reactivity and Final Products of a Surface Reaction.

Selective adsorption of multifunctional molecules is rarely observed when the different functional groups react via nonactivated reaction channels. Although the latter is also the case for ether cleavage and the adsorption of C=C double bonds on the highly reactive Si(001) surface, we find that allyl ethers, which combine both functional groups, react on Si(001) selectively via the cleavage of the molecules' ether group. In addition, our XPS measurements at 90, 150, and 300 K indicate an increased reactivity of the ether group when compared to monofunctional ethers.

Analysis of Internet-Based Written Materials on Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has many treatment options and the Internet is an important resource for patients. The quality of information reviewed by patients about sleep surgery is unknown. We assessed readability, accessibility, actionability, and quality of online content for OSA surgeries.

Sociodemographic and Healthcare System Barriers to PAP Alternatives for Adult OSA: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To investigate sociodemographic and healthcare system barriers to access and utilization of alternative treatments to positive airway pressure (PAP) in the management of adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from 2003 to 2023 for English-language studies containing original data on sociodemographic and healthcare system barriers to PAP-alternative treatments for adult OSA.

Review Methods: Studies were assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

Sex Differences in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Including Pregnancy and Response to Treatment.

This article highlights the sex differences in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sheds light on the varying presentations, diagnostic challenges, as well as treatment responses observed in men and women. The disparities in prevalence, manifestations, and therapeutic outcomes underscore the need for a nuanced approach to OSA diagnosis and management that considers sex-specific factors. Furthermore, this article highlights the importance of recognizing and treating OSA during pregnancy, as it poses unique challenges and potential risks to both maternal and fetal health.

Shear Wave Elastography for Assessing Liver Stiffness in HCV-Infected Kidney Transplant Recipients after Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment: A Comparative Study with Magnetic Resonance Elastography.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to hepatic fibrosis. The advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has substantially improved sustained virological response (SVR) rates. In this context, kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are of particular interest due to their higher HCV infection rates and uncertain renal excretion and bioavailability of DAAs.

Soft Deposition of Organic Molecules Based on Cluster-Induced Desorption for the Investigation of On-Surface and Surface-Mediated Reactions.

Desorption/ionization induced by neutral clusters (DINeC) was employed for the soft transfer of organic and biomolecules, such as porphyrins and peptides, from a bulk sample onto any substrate of choice. Qualitative analysis of the deposition technique was performed by means of mass spectrometry, demonstrating that the deposited molecules remained intact due to the soft nature of the transfer process. Deposition rates were studied quantitatively using a quartz crystal microbalance; layers of intact biomolecules ranging from the submonolayer regime up to a few monolayers in thickness were realized.

Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses of Mass Spectra of OEL Materials by Artificial Neural Network and Interface Evaluation: Results from a VAMAS Interlaboratory Study.

Quantitative analysis of binary mixtures of tris(2-phenylpyridinato)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)) and tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq) by using an artificial neural network (ANN) system to mass spectra was attempted based on the results of a VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) interlaboratory study (TW2 A31) to evaluate matrix-effect correction and to investigate interface determination. Monolayers of binary mixtures having different Ir(ppy) ratios (0, 0.25, 0.

Leadership Training Curriculum for Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Residents: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Otolaryngologists take on various leadership roles throughout their daily practice, but specific training focused on leadership development during otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) residency is not well-defined. This project explores the current state of leadership curricula for OHNS residents.

Data Sources: Google Scholar, Embase, PubMed, and MedEdPORTAL.

Association of Pain Disorder and Psychiatric Disease With Surgical Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: Patients undergoing surgical management for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are likely medically distinct from their counterparts not treated surgically. This study examined the associations between psychiatric and pain comorbidities and the likelihood of undergoing sleep surgery.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of adults with OSA.

Characterization of the nuclear import of the human CHD4-NuRD complex.

Chromatin remodeling enzymes form large multiprotein complexes that play central roles in regulating access to the genome. Here, we characterize the nuclear import of the human CHD4 protein. We show that CHD4 enters the nucleus by means of several importin-α proteins (1, 5, 6 and 7), but independently of importin β1.

Conservation Practices for Personal Protective Equipment: A Systematic Review with Focus on Lower-Income Countries.

During the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) necessitated unprecedented and non-validated approaches to conserve PPE at healthcare facilities, especially in high income countries where single-use disposable PPE was ubiquitous. Our team conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate historic approaches for conserving single-use PPE, expecting that lower-income countries or developing contexts may already be uniquely conserving PPE. However, of the 50 included studies, only 3 originated from middle-income countries and none originated from low-income countries.

Characteristics of Adults Undergoing Soft Tissue and Orthognathic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: To identify clinical and demographic characteristics of adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing soft tissue and orthognathic sleep surgery, assess temporal trends in surgery type and proportion of women undergoing surgery, and provide clinical perspective before wide-spread implementation of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS).

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, adults diagnosed with OSA from 2009 to 2016 were identified in a large integrated healthcare system. Characteristics between cohort members who did and did not undergo sleep surgeries were compared.

Bond-specific fragmentation of oligopeptides via electronic stopping of swift heavy ions in molecular films.

Highly bond-specific fragmentation of oligopeptides induced by swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation was investigated by means of mass spectrometry. In pronounced contrast to measurements of samples irradiated with keV ions, oligopeptides which were exposed to 946 MeV Au ions show a high abundance of specific fragments. The highly bond-specific nature of SHI-induced fragmentation is attributed to electronic stopping as the most relevant energy loss mechanism for SHI in the oligopeptide samples in combination with the subsequent coupling between the excited electronic and the atomic subsystem.

Towards π-wires on a semiconductor surface: Benzyne on Si(001).

Towards the goal of covalently bound molecular wires on silicon, the adsorption of benzyne on Si(001) was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and density functional calculations (DFT). The benzyne molecule is found to adsorb preferentially via the strained triple bond on one dimer of the Si(001) surface which results in an intact π system covalently bound to the surface. With increasing coverage, the molecules primarily adsorb along the dimer rows; on stepped surfaces, these molecular wires are all oriented in the same direction.