Topical dorzolamide for macular holes: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: To assess topical dorzolamide as medical therapy for idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).

Methods: Randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-centre clinical trial involving 32 patients with idiopathic small FTMHs (<400 ). Participants in both arms used topical dorzolamide 2% or saline thrice daily for 8 weeks with monthly OCT.

The Effect of Anti-Tobacco Ad Length and Skippability on Perceived Message Effectiveness and Emotional Responsiveness.

The media landscape changes have resulted in significantly more people viewing content in shorter and skippable formats. There is limited evidence about the impact of these formats on anti-tobacco campaign effectiveness. This study examined the effect of anti-tobacco ad length and skippability on perceived message effectiveness (PME) and emotional responsiveness among people who smoke.

Impact of product-based e-cigarette marketing on the attitudes and behavioural intentions of young Australians: an experimental study.

Background: The tobacco industry has a history of using language to downplay the harms associated with cigarettes and mislead consumers and policymakers. Emerging evidence suggests similar tactics are being used in the context of e-cigarettes; however, exploration of the impact of product name on attitudes towards e-cigarettes and susceptibility to use is lacking. This experimental study explored whether attitudes towards e-cigarettes and susceptibility to use are influenced by the names used by the industry to describe and market these products.

Warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice: evaluation of 27 different labels on health effects, sugar content, energy and exercise equivalency.

Objectives: Front-of-pack warning labels may reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, potentially mitigating negative health outcomes. Comparisons between different warning label types to inform future research and policy directions are lacking. This study compared 27 warning labels across six message types for their potential to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.

Selective orexin 1 receptor antagonism does not affect effort-based responding for sucrose reward in rats.

In rodents, orexin neuropeptides regulate motivation and reward-seeking via orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) signaling in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. This role is clearly established for rewards inherent to drugs of abuse but less so for natural rewards. Reported effects of the selective OX1R antagonist (SO1RA) SB-334867 on motivation for palatable food are ambiguous.

Tissue-specific and cis-regulatory changes underlie parallel, adaptive gene expression evolution in house mice.

Changes in gene regulation have long been appreciated as a driving force of adaptive evolution, however the relative contributions of cis- and trans-acting changes to gene regulation over short evolutionary timescales remain unclear. Instances of recent, parallel phenotypic evolution provide an opportunity to assess whether parallel patterns are seen at the level of gene expression, and to assess the relative contribution of cis- and trans- changes to gene regulation in the early stages of divergence. Here, we studied gene expression in liver and brown adipose tissue in two wild-derived strains of house mice that independently adapted to cold, northern environments, and we compared them to a strain of house mice from a warm, tropical environment.

Messages about climate, pollution and social justice harms of tobacco as motivators to quit: an untapped communication opportunity?

Background: Campaigns highlighting the health harms of smoking have demonstrated success in motivating people who smoke to quit. Tobacco production and use also exert a toll on the environment, sustainable development and human rights. However, messages highlighting these harms of tobacco have been relatively unexplored as a cessation motivation strategy.

Dengue Encephalopathy or Dengue Encephalitis? You Decide.

Awareness of neurological sequelae of dengue fever is increasing. However, as this case illustrates, there is a diagnostic conundrum in determining whether certain features are in keeping with dengue encephalopathy or dengue encephalitis. Further consensus is required.

The evolution and mutational robustness of chromatin accessibility in Drosophila.

Background: The evolution of genomic regulatory regions plays a critical role in shaping the diversity of life. While this process is primarily sequence-dependent, the enormous complexity of biological systems complicates the understanding of the factors underlying regulation and its evolution. Here, we apply deep neural networks as a tool to investigate the sequence determinants underlying chromatin accessibility in different species and tissues of Drosophila.

Environmentally robust -regulatory changes underlie rapid climatic adaptation.

Changes in gene expression are thought to play a major role in adaptive evolution. While it is known that gene expression is highly sensitive to the environment, very few studies have determined the influence of genetic and environmental effects on adaptive gene expression differences in natural populations. Here, we utilize allele-specific expression to characterize and gene regulatory divergence in temperate and tropical house mice in two metabolic tissues under two thermal conditions.

E-cigarette use and other risk factors associated with tobacco smoking susceptibility among Australian adolescents.

Objective: To explore risk factors for smoking susceptibility among Australian adolescents to inform prevention policies and programs.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of students aged 12-17 years who reported having never smoked (n=4,171). Bivariate associations between smoking susceptibility and a range of factors previously linked to youth smoking and smoking susceptibility were initially examined, with significant factors (p<0.

The evolution and mutational robustness of chromatin accessibility in .

The evolution of regulatory regions in the genome plays a critical role in shaping the diversity of life. While this process is primarily sequence-dependent, the enormous complexity of biological systems has made it difficult to understand the factors underlying regulation and its evolution. Here, we apply deep neural networks as a tool to investigate the sequence determinants underlying chromatin accessibility in different tissues of .

TUBERCULOUS CHORIORETINITIS: A CHALLENGING CASE OF AN OPHTHALMIC MIMIC.

Purpose: To report a challenging case of tuberculous chorioretinitis.

Methods: Case report of a 51-year-old woman from the Middle East, who was referred from an optometrist with a suspicious retinal lesion in her right eye.

Results: Clinical examination showed multifocal, pale, elevated lesions temporal to the right macula with no vasculitis or hemorrhages.

Fundus fluorescein angiography imaging of retinopathy of prematurity in infants: A review.

Fluorescein angiography in retinopathy of prematurity is increasingly utilized over the past decade. The development of ultra-wide-field imaging combined with fluorescein angiography has allowed improved visualization of the peripheral retinal vasculature. Patient cooperation in the pediatric population is particularly challenging, but hand-held digital retinal photography has shown promise and can visualize the infant retina without the need for anesthesia and intravenous access.

Engaging lower screening groups: a field experiment to evaluate the impact of a multiwave national campaign on participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program.

Objectives: This field study evaluated a multiwave media campaign that aired in 2019 to promote participation in the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP), which provides free biennial mailed-out immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) kits to Australians aged 50-74 years.

Design: Adjusted negative binomial regression models determined rate ratios of iFOBT kits returned during and following three campaign waves compared with 2018 (baseline). Interaction terms determined whether effects differed by gender×age group, socioeconomic status (SES) and previous participation.

Probing the relevance of the accelerated aging mouse line SAMP8 as a model for certain types of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.

Introduction: People with dementia (PwD) often present with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). NPS are of substantial burden to the patients, and current treatment options are unsatisfactory. Investigators searching for novel medications need animal models that present disease-relevant phenotypes and can be used for drug screening.

Testing the effectiveness of alcohol health warning label formats: An online experimental study with Australian adult drinkers.

Health warning labels (HWLs) on alcohol containers may help reduce population-level alcohol consumption. However, few studies have examined the most effective formats for alcohol HWLs. This study tested the effects of three different types of alcohol HWLs.

"No Child or Adult Would Ever Probably Choose to Have 16 Teaspoons of Sugar": A Preliminary Study of Parents' Responses to Sugary Drink Warning Label Options.

Front-of-pack (FoP) warning labels are a viable policy option with the potential to inform consumer choice and assist in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as part of a multi-faceted approach. This study explored parents' perceptions and understanding of a range of SSB warning labels. Focus groups = 12) with 82 parents of school-aged children were conducted, stratified according to education level, sex and location.

Association between single-channel and cumulative exposure to alcohol advertising and drinking behaviours among Australian adolescents.

Introduction: Widespread commercial promotion of alcohol products in Australia undermines the abstinence message for young people. This study aims to document the frequency of adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising and examine associations with drinking behaviours.

Methods: Students aged 12-17 years (n = 3618) participating in a cross-sectional survey self-reported their exposure to alcohol advertising via eight sources.