[Force-Velocity-Endurance (FoVE) Model: a new method for functional striated skeletal muscle in situ evaluation in murine models].

The FoVE model is a new theoretical framework coupled with innovative modeling to evaluate the striated skeletal muscle function. The theoretical model is based on two fundamental relationships: the force-velocity relationship and the force-time relationship. These relationships describe the muscle force production capacity as a function of contraction velocity and exercise duration, respectively.

Molecular determinants of skeletal muscle force loss in response to 5 days of dry immersion in human.

Background: Astronauts in Earth's orbit experience microgravity, resulting in a decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. On Earth, models simulating microgravity have shown that the extent of the loss in muscle force is greater than the loss in muscle mass. The reasons behind this disproportionate loss of muscle force are still poorly understood.

Semaglutide as a potential treatment for obesity in Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS) patients: A mosaic mutation case report.

We present for the first-time efficacy and tolerability of GLP-1-RA (Semaglutide) in Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS). SKS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly, seizures and distinctive facial features due to MTOR gene mutation. We present a 22-year-old woman with mosaic SKS and severe obesity (Body Mass Index ≥40 kg/m²), treated with semaglutide.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and glucocorticoid-responsive gene expression in skeletal muscle and liver of Apc mice.

Background: Cancer patients at advanced stages experience a severe depletion of skeletal muscle compartment together with a decrease in muscle function, known as cancer cachexia. Cachexia contributes to reducing quality of life, treatment efficiency, and lifespan of cancer patients. However, the systemic nature of the syndrome is poorly documented.

Does high mitochondrial efficiency carry an oxidative cost? The case of the African pygmy mouse (Mus mattheyi).

Skeletal muscle mitochondria of the African pygmy mouse Mus mattheyi exhibit markedly reduced oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis rates but a higher mitochondrial efficiency than what would be expected from allometric trends. In the present study, we assessed whether such reduction of mitochondrial activity in M. mattheyi can limit the oxidative stress associated with an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

The contribution of [1H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of excitation-inhibition in autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects over 1:100 of the population and costs the UK more than £32bn and the USA more than $175bn (£104bn) annually. Its core symptoms are social and communication difficulties, repetitive behaviours and sensory hyper- or hypo-sensitivities. A highly diverse phenotypic presentation likely reflects its etiological heterogeneity and makes finding treatment targets for ASD challenging.

Real-life treatment of rhinitis in Australia: a historical cohort study of prescription and over-the-counter therapies for patients with and without additional respiratory disease.

Background: The aim of the study was to explore rhinitis therapy purchases in different Australian regions for patients with and without additional respiratory disease, using both doctor's prescriptions and over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

Patients And Methods: It was a historical cohort study of pharmacy-related claims that included prescription or OTC rhinitis therapy, with or without asthma/COPD therapy, from January 2013 to December 2014.

Results: Overall, 4,247,193 prescription and OTC rhinitis treatments were purchased from 909 pharmacies over a calendar year; the majority were single-therapy purchases for rhinitis only patients.

Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin improves skeletal muscle mass and function in a mouse model of stroke.

In stroke patients, loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to prolonged weakness and less efficient rehabilitation. We previously showed that expression of myostatin, a master negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, was strongly increased in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of stroke. We therefore tested the hypothesis that myostatin inhibition would improve recovery of skeletal muscle mass and function after cerebral ischemia.

Seasonal patterns of oral antihistamine and intranasal corticosteroid purchases from Australian community pharmacies: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: To explore patterns in the purchase of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) oral antihistamines (OAHs) and intranasal corticosteroids (INCSs) by patients, from pharmacies in different geographical regions of Australia.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective observational study using a database containing anonymous pharmacy transaction data from 20.0% of the pharmacies in Australia that link doctor prescriptions and OTC information.

Regulation of Akt-mTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways in locomotor and respiratory muscles during experimental sepsis in mice.

Sepsis induced loss of muscle mass and function contributes to promote physical inactivity and disability in patients. In this experimental study, mice were sacrificed 1, 4, or 7 days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. When compared with diaphragm, locomotor muscles were more prone to sepsis-induced muscle mass loss.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 regulates skeletal muscle mass and ameliorates muscle wasting in mice.

The endocrine-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 has recently emerged as a potential target for treating metabolic disease. Given that skeletal muscle is a key metabolic organ, we explored the role of FGF19 in that tissue. Here we report a novel function of FGF19 in regulating skeletal muscle mass through enlargement of muscle fiber size, and in protecting muscle from atrophy.

Medication-related costs of rhinitis in Australia: a NostraData cross-sectional study of pharmacy purchases.

Purpose: There is a relative paucity of research regarding medication expenditure associated with multiple-therapy use for rhinitis in Australia. To describe 1) the nature and extent of multiple-therapy use for rhinitis in Australia using data on therapies purchased with prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) and 2) additional costs incurred by multiple-therapy use compared with intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) therapy alone.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out using a database containing anonymous pharmacy transaction data available from 20% of pharmacies in Australia that links doctor prescriptions and OTC purchase information.

UK prescribing practices as proxy markers of unmet need in allergic rhinitis: a retrospective observational study.

Little data on UK prescribing patterns and treatment effectiveness for allergic rhinitis (AR) are available. We quantified unmet pharmacologic needs in AR by assessing AR treatment effectiveness based on the prescribing behaviour of UK general practitioners (GP) during two consecutive pollen seasons (2009 and 2010). We conducted a retrospective observational study with the data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database.

Targeting Glia with N-Acetylcysteine Modulates Brain Glutamate and Behaviors Relevant to Neurodevelopmental Disorders in C57BL/6J Mice.

An imbalance between excitatory (E) glutamate and inhibitory (I) GABA transmission may underlie neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. This may be direct, through alterations in synaptic genes, but there is increasing evidence for the importance of indirect modulation of E/I balance through glial mechanisms. Here, we used C57BL/6J mice to test the hypothesis that striatal glutamate levels can be shifted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which acts at the cystine-glutamate antiporter of glial cells.

Cortical and subcortical glutathione levels in adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Increased oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, reports of alterations in oxidation markers including glutathione (GSH), the major endogenous antioxidant, are indirect, coming from blood plasma level measurements and postmortem studies. Therefore we used in-vivo 3 Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([1H]MRS) to directly measure GSH concentrations in the basal ganglia (BG) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of 21 normally intelligent adult males with ASD and 29 controls who did not differ in age or IQ.

Physicians' Attitudes Towards the Advice of a Guideline-Based Decision Support System: A Case Study With OncoDoc2 in the Management of Breast Cancer Patients.

When wrongly used, guideline-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) may generate inappropriate propositions that do not match the recommendations provided by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). The user may decide to comply with or react to the CDSS, and her decision may finally comply or not with CPGs. OncoDoc2 is a guideline-based CDSS for breast cancer management.

Neuroligin-2 and the tightrope of excitation/inhibition balance in the prefrontal cortex.

Excitation/inhibition imbalance is implicated in symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. We discuss a study by Liang et al. (Mol Psychiatry 20: 850-859, 2015) demonstrating that the conditional knockout of neuroligin-2, a postsynaptic adhesion protein, in the prefrontal cortex of adult mice results in alterations in inhibitory synaptic properties.

Economic Impact of Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer in France.

Background And Aims: The heterogeneous nature of breast cancer can make decisions on adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical resection challenging. Oncotype DX is a validated gene expression profiling test that predicts the likelihood of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in early-stage breast cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the costs of chemotherapy in private hospitals in France, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Oncotype DX from national insurance and societal perspectives.

Myostatin gene inactivation prevents skeletal muscle wasting in cancer.

Cachexia is a muscle-wasting syndrome that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality of many patients with advanced cancers. However, little is understood about how the severe loss of skeletal muscle characterizing this condition occurs. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscle protein myostatin is involved in mediating the pathogenesis of cachexia-induced muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients have a reduced sense of control on the illusion of control task.

There is disagreement regarding the role of perceived control in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study used a traditional illusion of control paradigm (Alloy and Abramson, 1979) to empirically test control estimation in OCD. Twenty-six OCD patients and 26 matched comparison subjects completed an illusion of control task wherein their goal was to attempt to exert control over a light bulb.

Health information technology: use it well, or don't! Findings from the use of a decision support system for breast cancer management.

The potential of health information technology is hampered by new types of errors which impact is not totally assessed. OncoDoc2 is a decision support system designed to support treatment decisions of multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs) for breast cancer patients. We evaluated how the way the system was used had an impact on MDM decision compliance with clinical practice guidelines.

Investigation of attentional bias in obsessive compulsive disorder with and without depression in visual search.

Whether Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is associated with an increased attentional bias to emotive stimuli remains controversial. Additionally, it is unclear whether comorbid depression modulates abnormal emotional processing in OCD. This study examined attentional bias to OC-relevant scenes using a visual search task.

Which patients may benefit from the use of a decision support system to improve compliance of physician decisions with clinical practice guidelines: a case study with breast cancer involving data mining.

OncoDoc2 is a guideline-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for breast cancer management. It has been used as an intervention in a randomized controlled trial carried out to evaluate the impact of using a CDSS upon the compliance with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) of multidisciplinary staff meeting decisions. Data mining was used to discover multi-criteria regularities as "emerging patterns" (EPs) associated with compliance and non-compliance with CPGs when using and not using OncoDoc2 and to assess which patients may benefit from the use of the CDSS.

Regulation of Akt-mTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways in response to formoterol administration in rat skeletal muscle.

Administration of β2-agonists triggers skeletal muscle anabolism and hypertrophy. We investigated the time course of the molecular events responsible for rat skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to 1, 3 and 10 days of formoterol administration (i.p.