Knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetes in patients with and without sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy from two secondary eye care centres in India.

Background/aims: Good knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of diabetes influence its control and complications. We examined the KAP of diabetes in patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and non-sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR) attending two different referral hospitals in India.

Methods: 400 consecutive patients (mean age = 58.

Distance and near vision changes after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in eyes with center-involving diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To elucidate distance and near vision changes after intravitreal injections in center-involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME) in phakic and pseudophakic groups.

Methods: A retrospective study was done on 148 eyes (72 phakic and 76 pseudophakic) with center-involving DME. All eyes were treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection.

Peripheral detection acuity for interference fringes and screen-based Gabor gratings.

This study compared on-axis and peripheral detection acuities measured with interference fringes, that bypass eye optics, and with screen-based Gabor gratings combined with an adaptive optics system. Gabor gratings are sinusoidal gratings incorporated with a Gaussian envelope that attenuate spatial frequency broadening that occur at the window edge. The magnitude of the attenuation was varied.

Intermittent Manual Carotid Compression as a Treatment Option for Indirect Low Flow Carotid Cavernous Fistula.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intermittent manual carotid compression (IMCC) in the management of low-flow carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF).

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed with low-flow CCF and treated with IMCC over a period of 13 years were retrospectively analyzed. Data analyzed included demographic details, clinical features, type of CCF, and response to therapy.

Defocused contrast sensitivity function in peripheral vision.

Purpose: Human peripheral detection performance is affected by optical factors such as defocus and higher order aberrations. From optical theory, we would expect defocus to produce local depressions (notches) in the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). However, such notches have not been observed in peripheral vision, and it is unknown whether human peripheral vision can detect local depressions (notches) in the CSF, such as those produced by monochromatic defocus when all monochromatic ocular aberrations are corrected.

Incidence and risk factors for retinal detachment following laser-assisted keratomileusis.

Purpose: The aim of this work was to study the incidence and potential risk factors for development of retinal detachment (RD) after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery over a long-term follow-up.

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional case series. A total of 694 eyes of 352 patients were included who had undergone LASIK surgery at a tertiary eye care institute between January 2005 and September 2015 who had a minimum follow-up of 5 years after the surgery were included.

Nasal-temporal asymmetry in peripheral refraction with an aspheric myopia control contact lens.

A combination of human subject data and optical modelling was used to investigate unexpected nasal-temporal asymmetry in peripheral refraction with an aspheric myopia control lens. Peripheral refraction was measured with an auto-refractor and an aberrometer. Peripheral refraction with the lens was highly dependent upon instrument and method (e.

A multifocal electroretinography study to evaluate risk of developing macular hole in the fellow eye of patients suffering with unilateral macular hole.

Background: Visual outcome of eyes has often been found to be unsatisfactory even after successful closure of a macular hole, owing to factors like persistent metamorphopsia, scotoma, and reduced sensitivity. Therefore, it becomes critical to evaluate and study the probability and risk of developing a macular hole in the fellow eyes of the patient. This study analyzed the multifocal electroretinographic responses to help predict the risk of macular hole development in fellow eyes.

Correlation of retinal changes with choroidal changes in acute and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy assessed by swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate affected choroidal regions and corresponding retinal changes in acute and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Methods: The foveal and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were measured with swept-source optical coherence tomography. The retina was divided into five zones on the swept-source optical coherence tomography image based on baseline choroidal thickness being <100, 100-199, 200-299, 300-399 and ⩾400 μm.

Choroidal Structural Changes in Sympathetic Ophthalmia on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

: To analyze choroidal angioarchitecture in sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images.: Case-control study of six patients with SO. Qualitative changes and quantitative parameters, including choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI), were analyzed.

Visual impairment in high flow and low flow carotid cavernous fistula.

Our aim is to study the varied posterior segment manifestations, level of visual impairment (VI) and its causes in carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) patients. A retrospective study was done, wherein data was obtained from 48 digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) proven CCF patients. CCF was classified according to Barrow et al.

Effects of eye rotation and contact lens decentration on horizontal peripheral refraction.

Purpose: Peripheral refraction is important in design of myopia control therapies. The aim was to investigate the influence of contact lens decentration associated with eye rotation on peripheral refraction in the horizontal visual field.

Methods: Participants were 10 emmetropes and 10 myopes in good general and ocular health.

BILATERAL SIMULTANEOUS RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcome.

Purpose: To elucidate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of consecutive patients with bilateral simultaneous retinal detachment who reported to a tertiary eye care institution over a period of 10 years.

Methods: Retrospective interventional consecutive study of 168 eyes of 84 patients with bilateral simultaneous retinal detachment, observed by indirect ophthalmoscopy at the initial examination was performed. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected before and after surgery.

Pupillary Abnormalities with Varying Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Our aim is to study the dynamics of pupillary abnormalities in varying severity of diabetic retinopathy. A non-interventional case-control study with 405 eyes of 244 subjects with diabetes, and 41 eyes of 26 subjects with no history of diabetes was done. Diabetes group was classified according to retinopathy severity: no retinopathy, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Influence of laser versus lens-sparing vitrectomy on myopia in children with retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the refractive error outcomes in the eyes of premature babies with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who underwent laser plus lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) in one eye and laser alone in the fellow eye.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. Fourteen babies with Stage 4A of ROP or worse who underwent laser plus LSV in one eye (Group 1) and laser alone in the fellow eye (Group 2) were followed at 2 months, 6 months, 1 year, one and a half year, and 2 years.

Choroidal and Retinal Anatomical Responses Following Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To assess structural changes in retina and choroid after systemic corticosteroid therapy in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: SS-OCT was conducted before treatment and during first-month follow-up in 16 eyes treated with systemic corticosteroids for active VKH. Retina was divided into five zones depending on pretreatment choroidal thickness (CT) of <100, >100 to <200, >200 to <300, >300 to <400 and >400μm, and changes in retinal thickness and CT after treatment in these zones were compared with baseline.

VISUAL FUNCTION CORRELATES OF FOVEAL SLOPE CHANGES ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in foveal and parafoveal thickness measured using optical coherence tomography across five stages of macular telangiectasia 2 (MacTel 2) and to correlate the foveal slope angle with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Methods: A multicentered, cross-sectional study of 90 patients with bilateral MacTel 2 was carried out. We reviewed medical records of patients who had undergone optical coherence tomography.