Trends in the epidemiology of intravascular device-associated bacteremia among French hematology patients: insights from the SPIADI prospective multicenter study, 2020-2024.

Hematology patients require central venous catheters for cancer treatment and nutrition, which increases their risk of intravascular device-associated bacteremia. In the absence of recent data, we investigated intravascular device-associated bacteremia in this specific context. A three-month surveillance was conducted annually in 27 hematology wards, using a protocol derived from the HAI-Net ICU ECDC protocol (2020-2024).

Factors associated with Pneumocystis colonization and circulating genotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute exacerbation or at stable state and their homes.

Unlabelled: Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization is frequent during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients constitute potential contributors to its interhuman circulation. However, the existence of an environmental reservoir cannot be excluded. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with Pneumocystis colonization during COPD, and studied circulation between patients and their domestic environment.

Characteristics and outcome according to underlying disease in non-AIDS patients with acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis pneumonia.

In the non-AIDS group, several underlying conditions and immune defects could lead to different PCP presentations. This study compared PCP presentation and outcome according to the underlying disease. A secondary analysis of a previously published prospective observational study including 544 PCP patients was done.

Toward the Standardization of Mycological Examination of Sputum Samples in Cystic Fibrosis: Results from a French Multicenter Prospective Study.

Fungal respiratory colonization of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients emerges as a new concern; however, the heterogeneity of mycological protocols limits investigations. We first aimed at setting up an efficient standardized protocol for mycological analysis of CF sputa that was assessed during a prospective, multicenter study: "MucoFong" program (PHRC-06/1902). Sputa from 243 CF patients from seven centers in France were collected over a 15-month period and submitted to a standardized protocol based on 6 semi-selective media.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with or without AIDS, France.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients without AIDS is increasingly common. We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with proven PCP; of 544 patients, 223 (41%) had AIDS (AIDS patients) and 321 (59%) had other immunosuppressive disorders (non-AIDS patients). Fewer AIDS than non-AIDS patients required intensive care or ventilation, and the rate of hospital deaths--17.

Near-universal prevalence of Pneumocystis and associated increase in mucus in the lungs of infants with sudden unexpected death.

Background: Pneumocystis without obvious accompanying pathology is occasionally reported in autopsied infant lungs. Its prevalence and significance are unknown. Interestingly, this mild infection induces a strong activation of mucus secretion-related genes in young immunocompetent rodents that has not been explored in infants.

Prospective multicenter study of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization among cystic fibrosis patients in France.

Pneumocystis carriage was detected in 12.5% of 104 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients during a prospective multicenter French study, with a prevalence of genotype 85C/248C and geographic variations. It was significantly associated with the absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and a greater forced expiratory volume in 1 s.

[Transmission of Pneumocystis infection in humans].

Is Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) a transmissible fungal disease? Does nosocomial PcP occur? Is there Pneumocystis transmission in the community? These questions, which could not be tackled before the 2000s, may at present be approached using either noninvasive detection methods or experimental transmission models. Represented by a unique entity (P. carinii) for almost one century, the Pneumocystis genus was shown to contain several species, being P.

Reverse line blot hybridisation screening of Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium species in patients with cystic fibrosis.

The PCR-RLB (reverse line blot hybridisation) was applied as a molecular technique for the detection of members of Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Fifty-nine sputum samples were collected from 52 CF patients, which were analysed by culture and PCR-RLB. Conventional and semi-selective culture yielded five positive samples, but the PCR-RLB hybridisation assay permitted the detection of members of Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium in 32 out of 52 patients (61.

Low genetic diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii among Cuban population based on two-locus mitochondrial typing.

Genotypes of two different loci of the Pneumocystis jirovecii mitochondrial gene were studied in specimens from a total of 75 Pneumocystis pneumonia patients in Spain, France and Cuba. A new genotype of the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene of P. jirovecii (160A/196T) was identified, which was revealed to be the most common in these three countries, especially in Cuba where its proportion reached 93.

Fungal aero-decontamination efficacy of mobile air-treatment systems.

Immunosuppressed patients are at high risk of acquiring airborne fungal infections, mainly caused by Aspergillus species. Although HEPA filters are recommended to prevent environmental exposure, mobile air-treatment units can be an alternative. However, many different models of mobile units are available but there are few data on their fungal aero-decontamination efficacy and usefulness in the prevention of Aspergillus infections.

Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases: prevalence, risk factors of colonization and outcome.

Objectives: To determine the rate and identify risk factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) colonization among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.

Methods: We conducted an observational study in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases in an internal medicine department.

Pneumocystis infection in humans: diagnosis and treatment.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical fungus exhibiting pulmonary tropism and a highly defined host specificity. It is generally regarded as an opportunistic microorganism causing serious pneumonia in AIDS patients. However, with the currently rising number of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies for malignancies, allogeneic organ transplantations and autoimmune diseases, Pneumocystis pneumonia is becoming more and more recognized in non-HIV immunosuppressed individuals.

[Positive Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR in immunocompromised patients with a systemic disease: infection or colonisation?].

Purpose: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a serious opportunistic infection that frequently occurred in HIV-seropositive patients, prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. This infection can also occur in patients with systemic diseases. The diagnostic value of a positive Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR in patients with systemic diseases has not yet been clearly defined.

Exploring transplacental transmission of Pneumocystis oryctolagi in first-time pregnant and multiparous rabbit does.

Pneumocystis sp. is transmitted through the airborne route and presents a high host-species-specificity. Occasional reports of Pneumocystis pneumonia in still births and newborn infants suggest that other routes of transmission, e.

[Relevance of the toxoplasma IgG avidity test in the serological surveillance of pregnant women].

In addition to the serological systematic screening tests, kits to measure the avidity of toxoplasma IgG antibodies are currently available. Since high-avidity IgG toxoplasma antibodies have been shown to exclude recent infection, IgG avidity determination is especially useful in ruling out acute infection having occurred in the 3-4 prior months of pregnancy. We therefore compared the efficacy of two toxoplasma IgG avidity ELISA kits: SFRI (SFRI Laboratoire) and VIDAS Toxo-IgG avidity kit (bioMérieux).

Pneumocystis oryctolagi sp. nov., an uncultured fungus causing pneumonia in rabbits at weaning: review of current knowledge, and description of a new taxon on genotypic, phylogenetic and phenotypic bases.

The genus Pneumocystis comprises noncultivable, highly diversified fungal pathogens dwelling in the lungs of mammals. The genus includes numerous host-species-specific species that are able to induce severe pneumonitis, especially in severely immunocompromised hosts. Pneumocystis organisms attach specifically to type-1 epithelial alveolar cells, showing a high level of subtle and efficient adaptation to the alveolar microenvironment.

Molecular and serological evidence of Pneumocystis circulation in a social organization of healthy macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Simian populations represent valuable models for understanding the epidemiology of human pneumocystosis. The present study aims to describe the circulation of Pneumocystis organisms within a social organization of healthy crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) living in a natural setting in France. Animals were followed for up to 2 years.

Molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia.

The detection of Pneumocystis DNA in clinical specimens by using PCR assays is leading to important advances in Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) clinical diagnosis, therapy and epidemiology. Highly sensitive and specific PCR tools improved the clinical diagnosis of PcP allowing an accurate, early diagnosis of Pneumocystis infection, which should lead to a decreased duration from onset of symptoms to treatment, a period with recognized impact on prognosis. This aspect has marked importance in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients, who develop often PcP with lower parasite rates than AIDS patients.

Frequency of trichomonads as coinfecting agents in Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of the association of Trichomonas and Pneumocystis in the lung.

Study Design: Sixty-six bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from immunocompromised patients with pneumocystosis were retrospectively examined microscopically.

Results: Trichomonads were found as coinfecting agents in 60% of BALF samples.

[Management of aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Recommendations of Lille University Hospital--4th version--November 2004].

Invasive aspergillosis is a severe complication in immunocompromised patients. The arrival of new antifungal agents motivated the redaction of guidelines, regularly updated, by a Lille University hospital multidisciplinary task force. These guidelines assess diagnostic and therapeutic issues.

Molecular typing of Pneumocystis jirovecii found in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections from sudden infant death victims.

Previous studies have provided histological evidence of an association between primary Pneumocystis infection and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The aim of this work was to determine the species of clustered Pneumocystis organisms found in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue sections from Chilean sudden infant death (SID) victims. This approach needed first to optimize a DNA extraction method from such histological sections.

Influence of climatic factors on Pneumocystis carriage within a socially organized group of immunocompetent macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

As monkeys-derived Pneumocystis is closely related to P. jirovecii, simian populations should be considered as valuable models for the understanding of the epidemiology of human pneumocystosis. In the present study, the impact of environmental factors on the carriage of Pneumocystis was evaluated in socially organized group of immunocompetent macaques (Macaca fascicularis).