Effectiveness and Safety of Teriflunomide in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Improvements in Quality of Life: Results from the Real-World TERICARE Study.

Introduction: Teriflunomide is a once-daily oral immunomodulator approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS; depending on the local label), based on extensive evidence from clinical trials and a real-world setting on efficacy, tolerability and patient-reported benefits. The TERICARE study assessed the impact of teriflunomide treatment over 2 years on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and some of the most common and disabling symptoms of MS, such as fatigue and depression.

Methods: This prospective observational study in Spain included RRMS patients treated with teriflunomide for ≤ 4 weeks.

[Family planning in men and women with multiple sclerosis. Analysis of the Andalusian Registry (2018-2022)].

Introduction: The Andalusian Registry of Pregnancies in patients with multiple sclerosis is the largest Spanish registry on multiple sclerosis (MS) and family planning. For the first time, it includes information on the fertility of men with MS. The influence of the use of a disease-modifying treatment (DMT) on the health of the foetus/newborn and the impact of breastfeeding on MS are also analysed.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis: Results of the Spanish Neurology Society Registry.

Objective: To understand COVID-19 characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify high-risk individuals due to their immunocompromised state resulting from the use of disease-modifying treatments.

Methods: Retrospective and multicenter registry in patients with MS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and available disease course (mild = ambulatory; severe = hospitalization; and critical = intensive care unit/death). Cases were analyzed for associations between MS characteristics and COVID-19 course and for identifying risk factors for a fatal outcome.

Fatigue Improvement after Switching Multiple Sclerosis Treatment from Interferon-β to Glatiramer Acetate in Clinical Practice.

Background/aims: The immunomodulatory effect of glatiramer acetate may help in reducing multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue; however, evidence to prove this notion especially after switching from another immunomodulatory therapy is limited. We assessed the 6-month effect of glatiramer acetate on MS-related fatigue in patients switching from interferon-β (IFN-β) in clinical practice.

Methods: This was an observational study including 54 patients with relapsing-remitting MS that showed moderate/severe fatigue primarily caused by MS before switching from IFN-β to glatiramer acetate and received glatiramer acetate for ≥6 months in daily practice.

[Tolosa-Hunt syndrome following traumatic eye injury].

Introduction: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is an idiopathic condition involving unilateral eye pain with involvement of oculomotor nerves which responds well to treatment with steroids. It is produced by idiopathic granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus or the orbital apex.

Case Report: A 37-year-old male who was admitted to hospital due to a six-week history of blurred vision and pain in the left eye, which was later accompanied by full ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia.

[Chronic hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis].

Chronic or persistent hepatic encephalopathy is a complication that develops in 1% of patients with chronic liver disease. We report a new case of this complication in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. A 69-year-old woman with stage IV primary biliary cirrhosis presented with a 6-month history of progressive memory deficits, tremors and somewhat clumsy gait.

[Treatment of psychosis in Parkinson].

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic idiopathic neurodegenerative disorder in which there is a dopamine deficit that produces motor and other disturbances, such as autonomic, sensory and neuropsychiatric disorders, including psychosis. Psychosis in PD, which is characterised by the existence of hallucinations and delusions, is a frequent and disabling problem for the patient; it is stressing for caregivers and difficult to manage for the physician, since it predisposes the patient to higher rates of morbidity and mortality and to institutionalisation.

Aim: To carry out a review of the literature on the treatment of psychosis in PD.

[Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy due to valproic acid].

Introduction: One of the less frequent idiosyncratic side effects of valproic acid (VPA) is encephalopathy. Here we report one case.

Case Report: An 83-year-old female with no relevant past history, who received treatment with VPA following a post-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage and two convulsive seizures.

[Ziprasidone in Parkinsonian dopamine psychosis].

Introduction: The dopamine psychosis that appears in Parkinson's disease (PDP) is a complication that is often related with frequent intake of antiparkinsonian agents, especially levodopa and dopamine agonists. Morbidity and the risk of being institutionalised are increased in such patients and therapeutic management is difficult. Its treatment is based on reducing the intake of antiparkinsonian drugs or the use of atypical antipsychotics, due to the fact that they have scarce or no motor effects (at least in theory).

[Transient ischemic attack].

During recent years a new definition for transient ischemic attack (TIA) has been proposed. This has been based on the advances in neuroimaging techniques and because it has been observed that most TIA last only a few minutes. Brain damage must be ruled out and TIA duration can be no longer than one hour.