6 compared with 12 weeks treatment in the von Rosen splint is sufficient for Barlow and Ortolani positive hips: a comparative study of 237 neonates.

Background And Purpose: At our institution, newborns with Barlow or Ortolani positive hips have been treated for 12 weeks with the von Rosen abduction splint until 2012 when the treatment length was halved. We investigate whether acetabular development at 12 months of age and complications differ between hips treated with the von Rosen splint for 6 compared with 12 weeks.

Patients And Methods: 99 patients were included in the 6-week program and 138 patients in the 12-week program.

The International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification is more informative than the Tönnis classification.

Background: A new, supposedly more reproducible radiographic classification, set to replace the Tönnis classification of hip dislocations, was proposed in 2015: the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification.

Purpose: To compare the IHDI classification with the Tönnis classification when evaluating the severity of hip dislocations as well as their respective inter- and intra-observer reliability.

Material And Methods: Since January 2000, Swedish-born children with a hip dislocation were prospectively registered.

Estimated effect of secondary screening for hip dislocation.

Objectives: To quantify the effect of secondary screening for hip dislocations.

Design: Retrospective analysis of hospital files from participants in a prospectively collected nationwide registry.

Setting: Child healthcare centres and orthopaedic departments in Sweden.

Incidence of Late-Diagnosed Hip Dislocation After Universal Clinical Screening in Sweden.

Importance: Developmental dysplasia of the hip, including late-diagnosed hip dislocation, is the leading cause of hip arthroplasties in young adults. Early treatment is essential for a good prognosis. Before the institution of a national screening program, a minimum of 0.

Early treatment with the von Rosen splint for neonatal instability of the hip is safe regarding avascular necrosis of the femoral head: 229 consecutive children observed for 6.5 years.

Background And Purpose: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) is a complication in treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We evaluated the risk of AVN after early treatment in the von Rosen splint and measured the diameter of the ossific nucleus at 1 year of age.

Children And Methods: All children born in Malmö, Sweden, undergo clinical screening for neonatal instability of the hip (NIH).

Acetabular dysplasia at the age of 1 year in children with neonatal instability of the hip.

Background And Purpose: As much as one-third of all total hip arthroplasties in patients younger than 60 years may be a consequence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Screening and early treatment of neonatal instability of the hip (NIH) reduces the incidence of DDH. We examined the radiographic outcome at 1 year in children undergoing early treatment for NIH.

Fractures in children with cerebral palsy: a total population study.

Aim: To analyse factors associated with fractures in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in different levels of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).

Method: This was an epidemiological retrospective study of a total population of 536 children (214 females, 322 males) with CP born between 1990 and 2005. CP type was unilateral spastic (n=159), bilateral spastic (n=225), ataxic (n=60), dyskinetic (n=80), and mixed type (n=12); 384 children were in Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) levels I-III and 152 children were in GMFCS levels IV-V.

Normative dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data in Swedish children and adolescents.

Aim: To present normative dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data in healthy young Swedes.

Methods: Included were 710 girls and 759 boys aged 6-30 years from southern Sweden. Bone mineral content, bone mineral density, bone size, lean body and fat mass were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in total body, lumbar spine, hip, arms and legs.

Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus by a cervical rib in two adolescent girls: case reports and surgical treatment.

Presence of a cervical rib in children is extremely rare, particularly when symptoms of compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus occur. We present two cases with such a condition, where two young girls, 11 and 16 years of age were treated by resection of the cervical rib after a supraclavicular exploration of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. The procedure led to successful results, objectively verified with tests in a work simulator, at one year follow-up.

Incidence of early posterior shoulder dislocation in brachial plexus birth palsy.

Background: Posterior dislocation of the shoulder in brachial plexus birth palsy during the first year of life is rare but the incidence increases with age. The aim was to calculate the incidence of these lesions in children below one year of age.

Methods: The incidence of brachial plexus birth lesion and occurrence of posterior shoulder dislocation was calculated based on a prospective follow up of all brachial plexus patients at an age below one in Malmö municipality, Sweden, 2000-2005.

Injuries to the nerves associated with fractured forearms in children.

Partial and complete injured median and ulnar nerves caused by fractures of the radius and ulna, respectively, in which the symptoms of nervous injury were induced at the time of fracture are reported. In cases with complete loss of nervous function early exploration should be considered at the time of reposition or plating of the fractured bones, or both, and in patients in whom nervous dysfunction occurs after the operation.

Prevention of severe contractures might replace multilevel surgery in cerebral palsy: results of a population-based health care programme and new techniques to reduce spasticity.

During the 1990s three new techniques to reduce spasticity and dystonia in children with cerebral palsy (CP) were introduced in southern Sweden: selective dorsal rhizotomy, continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion and botulinum toxin treatment. In 1994 a CP register and a health care programme, aimed to prevent hip dislocation and severe contractures, were initiated in the area. The total population of children with CP born 1990-1991, 1992-1993 and 1994-1995 was evaluated and compared at 8 years of age.

Reduced training is associated with increased loss of BMD.

Unlabelled: This 8-year controlled, follow-up study in 66 Swedish soccer women evaluated the effect of training and reduced training on BMD. The players who retired during the follow-up lost BMD in the femoral neck, whereas the controls did not.

Introduction: Physical activity during adolescence increases BMD, but whether the benefits are retained with reduced activity is controversial.

Prevention of dislocation of the hip in children with cerebral palsy. The first ten years of a population-based prevention programme.

In 1994, a register for cerebral palsy and a health-care programme were started in southern Sweden with the aim of preventing dislocation of the hip in children with cerebral palsy. It involved all children with cerebral palsy born in 1992 or later. None of the 206 affected children born between 1992 and 1997 has developed a dislocation following the introduction of the prevention programme.

Screening of neonatal instability and of developmental dislocation of the hip. A survey of 132,601 living newborn infants between 1956 and 1999.

Between 1956 and 1999, 132,601 living children were born in Malmö, and screened for neonatal instability of the hip. All late diagnosed patients have been followed and re-examined clinically and radiologically. During the first years of screening, less than five per 1,000 living newborn infants were treated.

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the neck of the femur in children treated with drilling.

We re-examined 11 children (mean age 6.5 years) who had been treated with surgical drilling and intravenous (i.v.

Effects of alcohol on bone mineral and mechanical properties of bone in male rats.

The effect of ethanol on bone mineral is poorly understood. In this study we have investigated whether ethanol affects bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the mechanical properties of the tibia and femora in male Sprague-Dawley rats without histopathological signs of liver disease or nutritional deficit. Thirty-five male rats were fed a liquid diet containing 15% ethanol and glucose.

Decreasing incidence of fractures in children: an epidemiological analysis of 1,673 fractures in Malmö, Sweden, 1993-1994.

The incidence of fractures in children in the city of Malmö, Sweden, almost doubled between 1950 and 1979. To see whether a further increase had occurred, we carried out an epidemiological analysis of fractures among children 0-16 years in Malmö 1993-1994. During the study period, 1,673 fractures occurred in 1,610 children.

Alcohol abuse and healing complications after cervical hip fractures.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head following femoral neck fractures is a common condition. Spontaneous osteonecrosis, is, however, a rare disorder, which is observed with increased frequency in alcohol abusers. In this retrospective study, we followed 512 consecutive male patients who had sustained femoral neck fractures between 1984 and 1992; 82 of these 512 patients (16%) had earlier been registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases as high consumers of alcohol.

Bone mineral density in adolescents. Higher values in a rural area--a population-based study of 246 subjects in southern Sweden.

We performed, in a cross-sectional study, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among 15-16-year-old boys (n 58) and girls (n 44) living in an urban area and among boys (n 82) and girls (n 66) of the same age from a rural area. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body, the lumbar spine and the hip. In the rural population, we found significantly higher BMD levels in the lumbar spine (14% for the boys and 12% for the girls) and the total body (6.

The relationship between childhood growth, bone mass, and muscle strength in male and female adolescents.

In this population-based study, the relationship between childhood weight and height, and adolescent bone mass and muscle strength have been studied in 39 girls and 48 boys. Total body and femoral neck bone mass measurements (bone mineral content, BMC and bone mineral density, BMD) were made by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Quadriceps muscle strength was measured.

Bone mineral density, muscle strength and physical activity. A population-based study of 332 subjects aged 15-42 years.

The aim of this population-based study was to find out whether differences in levels of physical activity have an influence on bone mass quantity and whether quadriceps muscle strength is a reliable determinant of bone mass. Included were 175 men and 157 women, aged 15-42 years. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at various sites by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and single photon absorptiometry (SPA).

A single bone density measurement can predict fractures over 25 years.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the predictive ability of a single bone mineral density (BMD) measurement on a 25-year perspective. A group of 1076 women (age 20-78 years) had had their forearm BMD measured from 1970 to 1975. In those women that were still alive at the end of 1994 (n = 410), all fragility fractures (distal end of the radius, proximal end of the humerus, hip, and vertebra) that had occurred after the BMD measurement and that were roentgen verified were recorded, after a follow-up time of 20-25 years.

Importance of participation rate in sampling of data in population based studies, with special reference to bone mass in Sweden.

Objective: To study the effects of participation rate in sampling on "normative" bone mass data.

Design: This was a comparison between two randomly selected samples from the same population. The participation rates in the two samples were 61.