Canine medial retropharyngeal lymph node measurements on T2 spin-echo sequences at 3T.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to estimate reference values for medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRLNs) measured in high-field (3T) MRI studies of the canine head/brain using transverse T2 spin-echo images and to determine if dogs with structural brain disease exhibit medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes that are larger than expected from estimated reference values.

Methods: The study population comprises 142 MRLNs from 71 dogs with no evidence of structural brain disease and normal CSF evaluation and 116 MRLNs from 58 dogs with structural brain disease confirmed by histopathology as of infectious or neoplastic origin, or to represent meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology.

Results: Based on this sample, MRLNs are expected to measure 2.

Early movement restriction impairs the development of sensorimotor integration, motor skills and memory in rats: Towards a preclinical model of developmental coordination disorder?

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as developmental coordination disorder (DCD), exhibit gross to fine sensorimotor impairments, reduced physical activity and interactions with the environment and people. This disorder co-exists with cognitive deficits, executive dysfunctions and learning impairments. Previously, we demonstrated in rats that limited amounts and atypical patterns of movements and somatosensory feedback during early movement restriction manifested in adulthood as degraded postural and locomotor abilities, and musculoskeletal histopathology, including muscle atrophy, hyperexcitability within sensorimotor circuitry and maladaptive cortical plasticity, leading to functional disorganization of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices in the absence of cortical histopathology.

Shedding Light on the Origin of ^{204}Pb, the Heaviest s-Process-Only Isotope in the Solar System.

Asymptotic giant branch stars are responsible for the production of most of the heavy isotopes beyond Sr observed in the solar system. Among them, isotopes shielded from the r-process contribution by their stable isobars are defined as s-only nuclei. For a long time the abundance of ^{204}Pb, the heaviest s-only isotope, has been a topic of debate because state-of-the-art stellar models appeared to systematically underestimate its solar abundance.

Development and validation of pFIB scores for exclusion of significant liver fibrosis in pediatric MASLD.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent pediatric liver disease, yet accurate risk scores for referral of children/adolescents with suspected clinically significant liver fibrosis are currently lacking.

Approach And Results: Clinical and biochemical variables were collected in a prospective cohort of 327 children and adolescents with severe obesity, in whom liver fibrosis was evaluated by transient elastography. Logistic regression was performed to establish continuous (pFIB-c) and simplified (pFIB-6) diagnostic scores that accurately exclude significant (≥F2) fibrosis.

Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Correlates with Disease Severity in Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To assess the role of adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) in the pathogenesis of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and to determine Adipo-IR evolution during a lifestyle intervention program.

Study Design: In this prospective cohort study, children and adolescents with severe obesity were recruited between July 2020 and December 2022 at an inpatient pediatric rehabilitation center. Treatment consisted of dietary intervention and physical activity.

Biological sex, sex steroids and sex chromosomes contribute to mouse cardiac aging.

After menopause, the incidence of cardiovascular disease rapidly rises in women. The disappearing protection provided by sex steroids is a consequence of the development of many risk factors. Preclinical studies are necessary to understand better the effects of ovarian hormones loss cardiac aging.

The use of a minimally invasive integrated endoscopic system to perform hemilaminectomies in chondrodystrophic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions.

Introduction: The objective was to evaluate the use of a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approach to perform hemilaminectomies in chondrodystrophic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions (IVDE). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the degree of soft tissue trauma using the endoscopic procedure compared to the standard open approach.

Methods: Eight client-owned dogs presented to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with acute onset thoracolumbar IVDE were included in this study.

Early Movement Restriction Affects FNDC5/Irisin and BDNF Levels in Rat Muscle and Brain.

Interaction with the environment appears necessary for the maturation of sensorimotor and cognitive functions in early life. In rats, a model of sensorimotor restriction (SMR) from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P28 has shown that low and atypical sensorimotor activities induced the perturbation of motor behavior due to muscle weakness and the functional disorganization of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices. In the present study, our objective was to understand how SMR affects the muscle-brain dialogue.

Measurement of the ^{140}Ce(n,γ) Cross Section at n_TOF and Its Astrophysical Implications for the Chemical Evolution of the Universe.

^{140}Ce(n,γ) is a key reaction for slow neutron-capture (s-process) nucleosynthesis due to being a bottleneck in the reaction flow. For this reason, it was measured with high accuracy (uncertainty ≈5%) at the n_TOF facility, with an unprecedented combination of a high purity sample and low neutron-sensitivity detectors. The measured Maxwellian averaged cross section is up to 40% higher than previously accepted values.

Wireless Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitor Implantation in a Patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Assessing heart failure progression in patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is challenging given the multi-system nature of disease. Herein we describe the first case use of an implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitor and describe the potential clinical utility of this approach in patients with DMD.

Early movement restriction affects the acquisition of neurodevelopmental reflexes in rat pups.

Childhood is a period of construction of the organism, during which interactions with the environment and regular physical activity are necessary for the maturation of the neuronal networks. An atypical sensorimotor activity during childhood (due to bed-rest or neurodevelopmental disorders) impacts the development of the neuromuscular system. A model of sensorimotor restriction (SMR) developed in rats has shown that casting pups' hind limbs from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P28 induced a severe perturbation of motor behavior, due to muscle weakness as well as disturbances within the central nervous system.

Mathematical discoveries from program search with large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated tremendous capabilities in solving complex tasks, from quantitative reasoning to understanding natural language. However, LLMs sometimes suffer from confabulations (or hallucinations), which can result in them making plausible but incorrect statements. This hinders the use of current large models in scientific discovery.

ENGRAILED-1 transcription factor has a paracrine neurotrophic activity on adult spinal α-motoneurons.

Several homeoprotein transcription factors transfer between cells and regulate gene expression, protein translation, and chromatin organization in recipient cells. ENGRAILED-1 is one such homeoprotein expressed in spinal V1 interneurons that synapse on α-motoneurons. Neutralizing extracellular ENGRAILED-1 by expressing a secreted single-chain antibody blocks its capture by spinal motoneurons resulting in α-motoneuron loss and limb weakness.

Antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV patients: A review.

The risk of developing non-AIDS events (NAEs) remains higher in persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) compared to the general population despite progress made in the treatment by antiretroviral (ARV). Particular attention is therefore given to the management of risk factors associated with NAEs during the follow-up of PLWH, including overweight. Factors associated with weight gain in PLWH are multifactorial and include demographics, HIV disease-related, lifestyle, cultural, and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated factors.

Ge( ) cross section below 70 keV measured at n_TOF CERN.

Neutron capture reaction cross sections on Ge are of importance to determine Ge production during the astrophysical slow neutron capture process. We present new resonance data on Ge( ) reactions below 70 keV neutron energy. We calculate Maxwellian averaged cross sections, combining our data below 70 keV with evaluated cross sections at higher neutron energies.

Temporal and sequence-related variability in diffusion-weighted imaging of presumed cerebrovascular accidents in the dog brain.

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is often used to guide clinical interpretation of intraparenchymal brain lesions when there is suspicion for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Despite widespread evidence that imaging and patient parameters can influence diffusion-weighted measurements, such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), there is little published data on such measurements for naturally occurring CVA in clinical cases in dogs. We describe a series of 22 presumed and confirmed spontaneous canine CVA with known time of clinical onset imaged on a single 3T magnet between 2011 and 2021.

Antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in naive HIV-1 infected patient: a narrative review.

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent decades worldwide. An increase in the prevalence of obesity has also been observed among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high and low incomes countries. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), by controlling the viral load (VL) and restoring cellular immunity, has improved the health status and life expectancy in PLHIV.

Omission of Radiation in Conservative Treatment for Breast Cancer: Opportunity for De-escalation of Care.

Introduction: De-escalation of breast cancer treatment aims to reduce patient and financial toxicity without compromising outcomes. Level I evidence and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines support omission of adjuvant radiation in patients aged >70 y with hormone-sensitive, pT1N0M0 invasive breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy. We evaluated radiation use in patients eligible for guideline concordant omission of radiation.

Rejoinder to the discussions of "Spatial+: A novel approach to spatial confounding".

In this rejoinder, we set out some of the main points that we took from the discussions of our paper "Spatial+: A novel approach to spatial confounding." The comments provided by the discussants include excellent questions and suggestions for extensions and improvements to spatial+. The discussions also highlight the growing interest in understanding spatial confounding, underpinned by the many recent contributions to the literature on this topic.

Parental insulin resistance is associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours independently of body mass index in children: The Feel4Diabetes study.

Unlabelled: Parental health is associated with children's health and lifestyles. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess lifestyle behaviours of children of parents with insulin resistance (IR) and at risk of type 2 diabetes. 2117 European families from the Feel4Diabetes-study were identified as being at risk for diabetes with the FINDRISC questionnaire and included in the present study.

Spatial+: A novel approach to spatial confounding.

In spatial regression models, collinearity between covariates and spatial effects can lead to significant bias in effect estimates. This problem, known as spatial confounding, is encountered modeling forestry data to assess the effect of temperature on tree health. Reliable inference is difficult as results depend on whether or not spatial effects are included in the model.