Tramadol efficacy in patients with postoperative pain in relation to CYP2D6 and MDR1 polymorphisms.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate impact of CYP2D6 and MDR1 polymorphisms on the analgesic efficacy of tramadol in patients after a knee arthroscopy.

Background: Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its metabolites is stereoselective and displays high interindividual variability correlating with polymorphic CYP2D6 in the population. Available data provide controversial results regarding the analgesic efficacy of tramadol in subjects with different CYP2D6 genotypes.

Rural pathology under the microscope.

There is little discussion about the crisis in the pathology and medical science workforce despite the implications it has for the whole health system. The crisis has greater implications for rural and remote locations because of the range of skills and multidisciplinary approach required in these areas. Recognition of the clinical significance and organisational importance of the sector is required as is recognition of the unique characteristics of rural and remote pathology and greater support for rural and remote pathology practitioners.

An SSR-based genetic linkage map for perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.).

A simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based linkage map has been constructed for perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) using a one-way pseudo-testcross reference population. A total of 309 unique perennial ryegrass SSR (LPSSR) primer pairs showing efficient amplification were evaluated for genetic polymorphism, with 31% detecting segregating alleles.

Overhead traction in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip.

Long-term results of traction treatment for congenital hip dislocation (CDH) performed between 1984 and 1990 are presented. The new traction scheme consists of 4 distinctive phases. It is based on gradually changed direction of traction--first, from the longitudinal direction to flexion and abduction against the hypomochilion.

[Autofixation of the transposed tibial tuberosity in habitual patellar dislocation].

Habitual luxation of the patella is as a rule considered an indication for a stabilizing operation. As regards approaches to the surgical solution of this problem we can differentiate between operations of the proximal part of the extension apparatus, i.e.