Probability-based 3D k-space sorting for motion robust 4D-MRI.

Background: Current 4D-MRI techniques are prone to breathing-variation-induced motion artifacts. This study developed a novel method for motion-robust multi-cycle 4D-MRI using probability-based multi-cycle sorting to overcome this deficiency.

Methods: The main cycles were first extracted from the breathing signal.

Free-breathing abdominal MRI improved by repeated k-t-subsampling and artifact-minimization (ReKAM).

Purpose: We report an approach, termed Repeated k-t-subsampling and artifact-minimization (ReKAM), for removing motion artifacts in free-breathing abdominal MRI. The method is particularly valuable for challenging patients who may not hold their breath for a long time or have irregular respiratory rate.

Methods: The ReKAM framework comprises one acquisition module and two reconstruction modules.