Dementia in-patient units in psychiatric hospitals: research priority setting.

Aims And Method: Dementia in-patient units (DIU) are mental health wards that care for people living with dementia (PLWD) whose symptoms are causing severe distress or potential risk. DIUs look after some of the most vulnerable and unwell people in society, yet they are environments that are underresearched: a recent systematic review revealed only 36 articles worldwide relating to DIUs. To better understand research priorities in DIUs, we undertook a two-round online Delphi survey of PLWD with experience of DIUs, their carers and professionals who work in DIUs.

When Do Humans Heed AI Agents' Advice? When Should They?

Objective: We manipulate the presence, skill, and display of artificial intelligence (AI) recommendations in a strategy game to measure their effect on users' performance.

Background: Many applications of AI require humans and AI agents to make decisions collaboratively. Success depends on how appropriately humans rely on the AI agent.

Family experiences of inpatient mental health care for people with dementia.

Introduction: This study investigates family carers experiences of inpatient mental health care for people with dementia. A mental health inpatient admission for a person with dementia is usually considered when a person is distressed and this distress leads to behaviours that are assessed to be risky for the person or others.

Methods: Participants included seven family carers whose relative with dementia had been cared for within a mental health ward in the United Kingdom UK within the last 5 years.

Optimization of Oxford Nanopore Technology Sequencing Workflow for Detection of Amplicons in Real Time Using ONT-DART Tool.

An optimized, well-tested and validated targeted genomic sequencing-based high-throughput assay is currently not available ready for routine biodefense and biosurveillance applications. Earlier, we addressed this gap by developing and establishing baseline comparisons of a multiplex end-point Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay followed by Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) based amplicon sequencing to real time PCR and customized data processing. Here, we expand upon this effort by identifying the optimal ONT library preparation method for integration into a novel software platform ONT-DART (ONT-Detection of Amplicons in Real-Time).

The Characteristics and Outcomes of People with Dementia in Inpatient Mental Health Care: A Review.

Objectives: Inpatient mental health beds for people with dementia are a limited resource. Practitioners need an understanding of this population to provide high-quality care and design services. This review examines the characteristics, care, and outcomes of people with dementia admitted to inpatient mental health services.

Family carer perspectives on the language of behaviour change in dementia: an online mixed methods survey.

Objective: following the #BanBPSD campaign there has been critical interest in common terminology used for 'changes in behaviour' associated with dementia. However, commentaries and emerging studies have not fully considered family carer perspectives. This study explores the views of family carers on terminology and language for this paradigm.

The use of an Ebola virus reporter cell line in a semi-automated microtitration assay.

A variety of methods have been developed for quantification of infectious Ebola virus in clinical or laboratory samples, but existing methods often require extensive operator involvement, manual assay scoring, or the use of custom reagents. In this study, we utilize a recently developed Ebola-specific reporter cell line that expresses ZsGreen in response to Ebola virus infection, in conjunction with semi-automated processing and quantification techniques, to develop an unbiased, high-throughput microtitration assay for quantification of infectious Ebola virus in vitro. This assay was found to have equivalent sensitivity to a standardized plaque assay for quantifying viral titers.

SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly inactivated at high temperature.

In the absence of a vaccine, preventing the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the primary means to reduce the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Multiple studies have reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material on surfaces suggesting that fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is feasible. High temperature inactivation of virus has been previously suggested, but not shown.

Precise Triggering and Chemical Control of Single-Virus Fusion within Endosomes.

Many enveloped viruses infect cells within endocytic compartments. The pH drop that accompanies endosomal maturation, often in conjunction with proteolysis, triggers viral proteins to insert into the endosomal membrane and drive fusion. Fusion dynamics have been studied by tracking viruses within living cells, which limits the precision with which fusion can be synchronized and controlled, and reconstituting viral fusion to synthetic membranes, which introduces nonphysiological membrane curvature and composition.

Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in China in late 2019 and is caused by newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies had reported the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture media and deposited onto surfaces under a limited set of environmental conditions. Here, we broadly investigated the effects of relative humidity, temperature, and droplet size on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in a simulated clinically relevant matrix dried on nonporous surfaces.

BAP1 immunohistochemistry has limited prognostic utility as a complement of CDKN2A (p16) fluorescence in situ hybridization in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and CDKN2A (p16) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have shown clinical utility in confirming the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), but the role for using these 2 markers to guide clinical management is not yet clear. Although p16 loss is predictive of poor prognosis, there is controversy as to whether BAP1 loss is predictive of a more favorable prognosis; how these results interact with one another has not been explored. We performed CDKN2A FISH on a previously published tissue microarray on which we had performed BAP1 IHC, revealing combined BAP1/p16 status for 93 MPM cases.

AN ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE SHOULDER COMPLEX MUSCULATURE WHILE PERFORMING EXERCISES USING THE BODYBLADE® CLASSIC AND BODYBLADE® PRO.

Background: In spite of the bodyblade (BB®) being used in clinical settings during shoulder and trunk rehabilitation and training for 24 years, there are only five known scientific papers that have described muscle recruitment patterns using the BB®. Moreover, there are no known studies that have examined muscle activity differences between males and females (who both use the bodyblade in the clinic) or between different BB® devices.

Hypothesis/purpose: The primary purposes of this investigation were to compare glenohumeral and scapular muscle activity between the Bodyblade® Pro (BB®P) and Bodyblade® Classic (BB®C) devices while performing a variety of exercises, as well as to compare muscle activity between males and females.

Co-distribution and co-infection of chikungunya and dengue viruses.

Background: Chikungunya and dengue infections are spatio-temporally related. The current review aims to determine the geographic limits of chikungunya, dengue and the principal mosquito vectors for both viruses and to synthesise current epidemiological understanding of their co-distribution.

Methods: Three biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched from their inception until May 2015 for studies that reported concurrent detection of chikungunya and dengue viruses in the same patient.

Hemagglutinin Spatial Distribution Shifts in Response to Cholesterol in the Influenza Viral Envelope.

Influenza virus delivers its genome to the host cytoplasm via a process of membrane fusion mediated by the viral hemagglutinin protein. Optimal fusion likely requires multiple hemagglutinin trimers, so the spatial distribution of hemagglutinin on the viral envelope may influence fusion mechanism. We have previously shown that moderate depletion of cholesterol from the influenza viral envelope accelerates fusion kinetics even though it decreases fusion efficiency, both in a reversible manner.

The application of the Practitioners in Applied Practice Model during breaking bad news communication training for medical students: a case study.

Background And Aims: Breaking bad news is a key skill within clinical communication and one which can impact outcomes for both the patient and practitioner. The evidence base for effective clinical communication training in breaking bad news is scarce. Frameworks have been found to assist the practitioner, such as SPIKES; however, the pedagogical approach used alongside such frameworks can vary.

BAP1 facilitates diagnostic objectivity, classification, and prognostication in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has emerged as a promising biomarker for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Loss of BAP1 expression can occur by a variety of mechanisms, but reports on incidence are variable and the clinical significance is unclear. In order to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of BAP1, we constructed a tissue microarray consisting of 111 MPM cases and performed BAP1 immunohistochemistry.

Modelling parasite aggregation: disentangling statistical and ecological approaches.

The overdispersion in macroparasite infection intensity among host populations is commonly simulated using a constant negative binomial aggregation parameter. We describe an alternative to utilising the negative binomial approach and demonstrate important disparities in intervention efficacy projections that can come about from opting for pattern-fitting models that are not process-explicit. We present model output in the context of the epidemiology and control of soil-transmitted helminths due to the significant public health burden imposed by these parasites, but our methods are applicable to other infections with demonstrable aggregation in parasite numbers among hosts.

Local food systems for a healthy population.

Working together across disciplines and organizational boundaries, North Carolina is leading national efforts to foster environments that increase access to healthy foods and raise awareness about the complexity and benefits of local food systems.

Enhancing the Transition to Kindergarten: A Randomized Trial to Test the Efficacy of the "Stars" Summer Kindergarten Orientation Program.

This randomized trial tested the efficacy of an intensive, four-week summer program designed to enhance low-income children's transition to kindergarten (n's = 60 program children, 40 controls). Administered in four public schools, the program focused on social competence, pre-literacy and pre-numeracy skills, school routines, and parental involvement. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that the program significantly improved teachers' ratings of (a) the transition to the social aspect of kindergarten for girls (but not boys); and (b) the transition to kindergarten routines for the subgroup of children who had the same teacher for kindergarten as for the summer program.

Insecticide detoxification indicator strains as tools for enhancing chemical discovery screens.

Background: Insecticide discovery screens carried out on whole organisms screen for potency resulting from chemical activity at the target site. However, many potentially insecticidal compounds are naturally detoxified in vivo and do not make it to the target site. It is hypothesised that insect strains with their xenobiotic detoxification machinery compromised could be used to identify such compounds that normally fail to show up in screens; these compounds could then be more rationally designed to increase their bioavailability.

Indoor residual spray and insecticide-treated bednets for malaria control: theoretical synergisms and antagonisms.

Indoor residual spray (IRS) of insecticides and insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are the two most important malaria vector control tools in the tropical world. Application of both tools in the same locations is being implemented for malaria control in endemic and epidemic Africa. The two tools are assumed to have synergistic benefits in reducing malaria transmission because they both act at multiple stages of the transmission cycle.