Nanobody-thioesterase chimeras to specifically target protein palmitoylation.

The complexity of the cellular proteome is massively expanded by a repertoire of chemically distinct reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) that control protein localisation, interactions, and function. The temporal and spatial control of these PTMs is central to organism physiology, and mis-regulation of PTMs is a hallmark of many diseases. Here we present an approach to manipulate PTMs on target proteins using nanobodies fused to enzymes that control these PTMs.

Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Narrative Review.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the deposition of misfolded and neurotoxic forms of tau protein in specific areas of the midbrain, basal ganglia, and cortex. It is one of the most representative forms of tauopathy. PSP presents in several different phenotypic variations and is often accompanied by the development of concurrent neurodegenerative disorders.

Child Behavior Problems and Maltreatment Exposure.

Objectives: Establish the longitudinal cross-lagged associations between maltreatment exposure and child behavior problems to promote screening and the type and timing of interventions needed.

Methods: The Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, a multiwave prospective cohort study of maltreatment exposure, enrolled children and caregivers (N = 1354) at approximately age 4 and followed them throughout childhood and adolescence. Families completed 7 waves of data collection with each wave occurring 2 years apart.

Changes in autonomic function and cerebral and somatic oxygenation with arterial flow pulsatility for children requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) carries variability in arterial flow pulsatility (AFP).

Research Question: What changes in cerebral and somatic oxygenation, hemodynamics, and autonomic function are associated with AFP during VA-ECMO?

Methods: This is a prospective study of children on VA-ECMO undergoing neuromonitoring. AFP was quantified by arterial blood pressure pulse amplitude and subcategorized: no pulsatility (<1 mmHg), minimal pulsatility (1 to <5 mmHg), moderate pulsatility (5 to <15 mmHg) and high pulsatility (≥15 mmHg).

Cysteine post-translational modifications regulate protein interactions of caveolin-3.

Caveolae are small flask-shaped invaginations of the surface membrane which are proposed to recruit and co-localize signaling molecules. The distinctive caveolar shape is achieved by the oligomeric structural protein caveolin, of which three isoforms exist. Aside from the finding that caveolin-3 is specifically expressed in muscle, functional differences between the caveolin isoforms have not been rigorously investigated.

Parental Regulation of Parent and Child Screen-Based Device Use.

Media use and screen time show both positive and negative effects on child development. Parents' behaviors, perceptions, and regulation of parent and child screen-based device (SBD) use may be critical understudied factors in explaining these mixed effects. We developed the Parent Screen-Based Device Use Survey (PSUS) to assess parental use of multiple SBDs (e.

Parental working memory buffers associations between COVID-19 hardships and child mental health.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impaired young children's mental health, underscoring the need for research on protective factors. Using a cross-sectional design, we examined whether parental working memory (WM) buffered relations between COVID-19 hardships (home-life, economic, and quarantine) and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Female parents ( = 339; 83.

Caregiver emotion regulation predicts trajectories of psychopathology during pediatric cancer treatment.

Elevated child and caregiver psychopathology are observed in families of children with cancer, with a subset developing clinically significant symptoms. This study examines whether caregivers' resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and observed emotion regulation (ER) are protective against caregiver and child psychopathology during the first year of pediatric cancer treatment. Primary caregivers of children recently diagnosed with cancer ( = 159; child = 5.

The Interplay between Reward-Relevant Life Events and Trait Reward Sensitivity in Neural Responses to Reward Cues.

The reward hypersensitivity model posits that trait reward hypersensitivity should elicit hyper/hypo approach motivation following exposure to recent life events that activate (goal-striving and goal-attainment) or deactivate (goal-failure) the reward system, respectively. To test these hypotheses, eighty-seven young adults with high (HRew) versus moderate (MRew) trait reward sensitivity reported frequency of life events via the Life Event Interview. Brain activation was assessed during the fMRI Monetary Incentive Delay task.

The Pediatric Accommodation Scale: Psychometric Evaluation of a Therapist-Report Format.

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem in youth, and accommodation is prevalent among youth with anxiety disorders. The Pediatric Accommodation Scale (PAS) is an interview administered by trained evaluators and a parent-report form (PAS-PR) to assess accommodation and its impact. Both have strong psychometric properties including internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and data supporting construct validity.

Early adversity and depressive symptoms among early adolescent girls: the mediating role of exposure to recent interpersonal acute stress.

Early adversity confers risk for depression in part through its association with (i.e., proximal) acute stress.

Intergenerational Transmission of Rumination via Parenting Behaviors and Family Characteristics: The Impact on Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms.

The relationship between rumination and internalizing psychopathology across the lifespan is robustly documented, yet the development of rumination is not well understood. In a prospective study of adolescents (N = 629, M age = 13.05 years, 51.

Linking Maternal Depression to Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms: Transmission of Cognitive Vulnerabilities.

The mechanisms of the well-documented relationship between maternal depression and offspring psychopathology are not yet fully understood. Building upon cognitive theories of depression and the modeling hypothesis, path analyses tested whether maternal depression history predicted adolescent internalizing symptoms via the transmission of cognitive vulnerabilities within a sample of 635 adolescents (M = 13.1 years, range = 11.

Impact of behavioral interventions in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Research on the role of behavior change as an efficacious intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes is evolving. Searching PubMed and Ovid Medline, we identified and reviewed primarily randomized controlled trials from 2010 to 2013 of adults managing type 2 diabetes without insulin. All studies are evaluated in terms of the rigor of their design and their impact on glycosylated hemoglobin.

The 'Jedward' versus the 'Mohawk': a prospective study on a paediatric distraction technique.

Objective: To examine the use of a standard hospital glove, inflated as a balloon with a face drawn on it, as a distraction technique in children with an acute injury.

Methods: We designed a study to assess the 'best' way to orientate the glove when drawing a face on it. A prospective study was performed in the authors' institution, where all children between the ages of 2 and 8 years presenting during the study period were given the option of playing with one of two glove balloons with a face drawn on it in two different ways.

HIV-1 protein induced modulation of primary human osteoblast differentiation and function via a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent mechanism.

HIV infection is associated with metabolic bone disease resulting in bone demineralization and reduced bone mass. The molecular mechanisms driving this disease process have yet to be elucidated. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in bone development and remodeling.

Complications in the management of metastatic spinal disease.

Metastatic spine disease accounts for 10% to 30% of new cancer diagnoses annually. The most frequent presentation is axial spinal pain. No treatment has been proven to increase the life expectancy of patients with spinal metastasis.

Comparison of blood glucose management strategies to achieve control following cardiac surgery (computerized versus paper).

Introduction: Blood glucose control can be time-consuming and difficult to achieve. We hypothesized that a computerized system to obtain glucose control would enable faster "time to target" and produce less variability in blood glucose levels.

Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a community hospital between January and December 2007 (n = 1131) with glucose control obtained under a paper protocol were compared with similar patients operated on between January and December 2008 (n = 769) whose glucose control was obtained with a computer-driven protocol.

Nurses' perceptions of glycemic control in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery.

Background/significance: Previous work investigating the effect of glycemic control in patients who underwent cardiac surgery has demonstrated that obtaining and maintaining blood glucose values between 80 and 120 is imperative in achieving excellent clinical outcomes in a patient who have undergone cardiac surgery. However, the caregiver's workload associated with meeting this goal is only now beginning to be understood.

Methods: This qualitative study used focus groups held on 3 consecutive days to interview nurses in the cardiovascular intensive care unit and cardiovascular step-down unit about their thoughts on glycemic control.

Something of a curate's egg: comments on Adrian Harvey's An epoch in the annals of national sport.

This short review is an attempt to establish the balance of strengths and weaknesses in Harvey's essay. Its strengths seem to be principally two: (i) although he exaggerates its significance, Harvey is right to draw attention to the vibrant football culture that grew up in the Sheffield area in the 1850s and 60s; (ii) he is also right (and so is Goulstone) to point to the evidence for matches between pub sides of equal though variable numbers in the early nineteenth century. To my knowledge, this evidence is new and alters our understanding of the development of football in that period.

The Northern California Chronic Care Network for Dementia.

The Northern California Chronic Care Network for Dementia brings together Northern California's major providers of managed care, community-based care, consumer education, and advocacy in new partnerships to improve the care of persons with dementia enrolled in managed care plans and their family caregivers. These partnerships are part of a national initiative entitled the Chronic Care Network for Alzheimer's Disease (CCN/AD) sponsored by the National Chronic Care Consortium and the Alzheimer's Association. This initiative selected eight promising provider-consumer partnerships across the country to implement and evaluate a new model of coordinated care for people with dementia and their families.