Gyrfalcon Prey Abundance and Their Habitat Associations in a Changing Arctic.

Arctic habitats are changing rapidly and altering trophic webs and ecosystem functioning. Understanding how species' abundances and distributions differ among Arctic habitats is important in predicting future species shifts and trophic-web consequences. We aimed to determine the habitat-abundance relationships for three small herbivores on the Seward Peninsula of Alaska, USA by fitting data from 983 point counts (collected during 2019, 2021, and 2022) with N-mixture models that account for imperfect detection.

The Effect of Heat-treated Poultry Pellets and Composted Poultry Litter on E. coli Survival in Southeastern US Soils: Florida and Georgia.

Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) are a source of foodborne pathogens that can contaminate fresh produce. This study evaluated the survival of E. coli over 140 d in agricultural soils amended with composted poultry litter (PL), heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPP), or unamended (UN) in Florida (FL) and Georgia (GA).

Analysis of ASCL1/NEUROD1/POU2F3/YAP1 Yields Novel Insights for the Diagnosis of Olfactory Neuroblastoma and Identifies Sinonasal Tuft Cell-Like Carcinoma.

The diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal small round epithelial/neuroepithelial malignancies depend on the expression of conventional neuroendocrine markers (NEMs), such as synaptophysin, chromogranin A, INSM1, and CD56/NCAM1. However, these tumors remain diagnostically challenging because of overlapping histologic and immunohistochemical features. The transcriptional regulators ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1 are novel NEM (nNEM) used for the subtyping of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Persistence of Microcystin in Three Agricultural Ponds in Georgia, USA.

Cyanobacteria and their toxins can have multiple effects on agricultural productivity and water bodies. Cyanotoxins can be transported to nearby crops and fields during irrigation and may pose a risk to animal health through water sources. Spatial and temporal variations in cyanotoxin concentrations have been reported for large freshwater sources such as lakes and reservoirs, but there are fewer studies on smaller agricultural surface water bodies.

Courier delivery of antiretroviral therapy: a cohort study of a South African private-sector HIV programme.

Introduction: Courier delivery has become a popular antiretroviral therapy (ART) distribution method in some HIV care settings, yet data on ART courier delivery and how it relates to ART outcomes are scarce. We studied the differences in viral suppression rates between individuals from a South African private sector HIV programme receiving ART by courier delivery and those receiving ART through traditional retail dispensing.

Methods: Individuals aged 15 years or older who were actively enrolled in the Aid for AIDS programme between January 2011 and July 2022 were eligible for the analysis.

Robotic-Assisted Cholecystoduodenal Fistula and Bile Leak Repair.

Cholelithiasis and its complications are among the most prevalent and costly medical conditions in the United States. Chronic gallbladder disease can progress into more complicated conditions, such as a cholecystoenteric fistula and, more specifically, a cholecystoduodenal fistula (CDF). Repair of these fistulas is complex and usually performed with an open approach.

Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast, Gastrointestinal, Gynecological, or Lung Cancer.

Background: Individuals who undergo chemotherapy for cancer are at elevated risk of developing depressive symptoms, yet substantial interindividual variation exists in trajectories of these symptoms.

Objective: To examine interindividual variations in trajectories of depressive symptoms during 2 cycles of chemotherapy and to evaluate associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, symptom severity scores, psychological adjustment characteristics (eg, stress and coping), and initial levels and trajectories of depressive symptoms.

Methods: Patients (n = 1323) diagnosed with breast, gynecologic, lung, or gastrointestinal cancer completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale 6 times, over 2 cycles of chemotherapy.

Outcomes of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: Largest single-center cross-sectional study.

Background: We evaluate outcomes of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas in the largest single-institution study.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma between 1998 and 2024. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free probability (RFP) at 1 and 5 years were measured by Kaplan-Meier method.

The impact of hindsight bias on the diagnosis of perioperative events by anesthesia providers: A multicenter randomized crossover study.

Study Objective: Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate the predictability of an event after it has already occurred. We aimed to evaluate whether hindsight bias influences the retrospective interpretation of clinical scenarios in the field of anesthesiology, which relies on clinicians making rapid decisions in the setting of perioperative adverse events.

Design: Two clinical scenarios were developed (intraoperative hypotension and intraoperative hypoxia) with 3 potential diagnoses for each.

The cost of providing care by family and friends (informal care) in the last year of life: A population observational study.

Introduction: Little is known about replacement costs of care provided by informal carers during the last year of life for people dying of cancer and non-cancer diseases.

Aim: To estimate informal caregiving costs and explore the relationship with carer and decedent characteristics.

Design: National observational study of bereaved carers.

Physicians' and Machine Learning Researchers' Perspectives on Ethical Issues in the Early Development of Clinical Machine Learning Tools: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Innovative tools leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly being developed for medicine, with new applications emerging in prediction, diagnosis, and treatment across a range of illnesses, patient populations, and clinical procedures. One barrier for successful innovation is the scarcity of research in the current literature seeking and analyzing the views of AI or ML researchers and physicians to support ethical guidance.

Objective: This study aims to describe, using a qualitative approach, the landscape of ethical issues that AI or ML researchers and physicians with professional exposure to AI or ML tools observe or anticipate in the development and use of AI and ML in medicine.

Prevalence of STEC virulence markers and as a function of abiotic factors in agricultural water in the southeastern United States.

Fresh produce can be contaminated by enteric pathogens throughout crop production, including through contact with contaminated agricultural water. The most common outbreaks and recalls in fresh produce are due to contamination by and Shiga toxin-producing (STEC). Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of markers for STEC (, , , , -I, -II) and () in surface water sources ( = 8) from produce farms in Southwest Georgia and to determine correlations among the prevalence of virulence markers for STEC, water nutrient profile, and environmental factors.

Supporting patient self-management: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study investigating Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and Clinician Support for PAM scores as part of a multi-centre haemodialysis breakthrough series collaborative.

Background: Patient self-management, measured by the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), is associated with reduced healthcare utilisation and better health-related quality of life. Self-management in haemodialysis (HD) is challenging and may require support from clinicians with positive attitudes towards self-management, measured by the Clinician Support for PAM (CSPAM).

Objectives: To assess whether kidney staff CSPAM scores are: 1) associated with their centre's patient PAM scores and 2) modifiable through staff coaching.

Assessing the sensitivity and suitability of a range of detectors for SIMT PSQA.

Purpose: Single-isocenter multi-target intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy (SIMT) is an effective treatment for brain metastases with complex treatment plans and delivery optimization necessitating rigorous quality assurance. This work aims to assess five methods for quality assurance of SIMT treatment plans in terms of their suitability and sensitivity to delivery errors.

Methods: Sun Nuclear ArcCHECK and SRS MapCHECK, GafChromic EBT Radiochromic Film, machine log files, and Varian Portal Dosimetry were all used to measure 15 variations of a single SIMT plan.

Rain splash-mediated dispersal of from fecal deposits to field-grown lettuce in the mid- and south Atlantic U.S. regions is affected by mulch type.

Introduction: Wildlife feces can contaminate vegetables when enteric bacteria are released by rain and splashed onto crops. Regulations require growers to identify and not harvest produce that is likely contaminated, but U.S.

Variability in Intraoperative Opioid and Nonopioid Utilization During Intracranial Surgery: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Key goals during intracranial surgery are to facilitate rapid emergence and extubation for early neurologic evaluation. Longer-acting opioids are often avoided or administered at subtherapeutic doses due to their perceived risk of sedation and delayed emergence. However, inadequate analgesia and increased postoperative pain are common after intracranial surgery.

Increases in stress and adverse childhood experiences are associated with the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression in oncology patients.

Purpose: Identify subgroups of patients with distinct joint anxiety AND depression profiles and evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as stress, resilience, and coping.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Participants: Patients ( = 1328) receiving chemotherapy.