Data from the All of Us research program reinforces existence of activity inequality.

Large-scale and detailed analyses of activity in the United States (US) remain limited. In this work, we leveraged the comprehensive wearable, demographic, and survey data from the All of Us Research Program, the largest and most diverse population health study in the US to date, to apply and extend the previous global findings on activity inequality within the context of the US. We found that daily steps differed by sex at birth, age, body characteristics, geography, and built environment.

Therapeutic reduction of neurocan in murine intracerebral hemorrhage lesions promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes prominent deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, particularly the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) member neurocan. In tissue culture, neurocan impedes the properties of oligodendrocytes. Whether therapeutic reduction of neurocan promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery in ICH is unknown.

Screening and outcomes of co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review.

Objective: To map existing knowledge on screening and rehabilitation outcomes for co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Articles focusing on screening and rehabilitation outcomes in participants sustaining co-occurring traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury (all ages) were identified in Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses electronic databases. There were no limitations on study design, date, or geographical location.

A multimodal neuroimaging study of cerebrovascular regulation: Protocols and insights of combining electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and physiological parameters.

The current paper describes the creation of a simultaneous trimodal neuroimaging protocol. The authors detail their methodological design for a subsequent large-scale study, demonstrate the ability to obtain the expected physiologically induced responses across cerebrovascular domains, and describe the pitfalls experienced when developing this approach. Approach: Electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) were combined to provide an assessment of neuronal activity, microvascular oxygenation, and upstream artery velocity, respectively.

Development and evaluation of a quality improvement educational video on joint contractures for care home staff.

Background: Contractures are a debilitating problem for individuals living in long-term care settings. However, there is a lack of education and training among the care staff regarding the identification of risk factors related to contractures and the preventive strategies that can decrease their development or progression. Addressing this knowledge gap has the potential to improve the quality of care provided to residents in care homes.

Identification of key factors related to digital health observational study adherence and retention by data-driven approaches: an exploratory secondary analysis of two prospective longitudinal studies.

Background: Longitudinal digital health studies combine passively collected information from digital devices, such as commercial wearable devices, and actively contributed data, such as surveys, from participants. Although the use of smartphones and access to the internet supports the development of these studies, challenges exist in collecting representative data due to low adherence and retention. We aimed to identify key factors related to adherence and retention in digital health studies and develop a methodology to identify factors that are associated with and might affect study participant engagement.

Trends in sexually transmitted infection diagnoses among people in prison in England, 2018-2023: analysis of surveillance and pilot seroprevalence data.

Purpose: People in prison face a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but there is a paucity of evidence on trends in STIs in prisons in England. This study aims to describe trends in chlamydia test-positivity and syphilis prevalence by using two different methodologies in prison settings.

Design/methodology/approach: This study used routinely collected chlamydia surveillance data reported by all primary diagnostic laboratories in England from 2018 to 2022 to identify tests undertaken in prisons.

Advancing digital sensing in mental health research.

Digital sensing tools, like smartphones and wearables, offer transformative potential for mental health research by enabling scalable, longitudinal data collection. Realizing this promise requires overcoming significant challenges including limited data standards, underpowered studies, and a disconnect between research aims and community needs. This report, based on the 2023 Workshop on Advancing Digital Sensing Tools for Mental Health, articulates strategies to address these challenges to ensure rigorous, equitable, and impactful research.

THE OPTIMAL DURATION OF pH-MONITORING: TESTING THE VALIDITY OF LYON 2.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WIRELESS pH MEASUREMENT.

Background And Aims: The Lyon 2.0 consensus recommends 96-hr wireless pH studies for GERD diagnosis; however, the optimal length of pH-measurement has not been established. Further it is uncertain if, and under what circumstances, shorter recording times are sufficient for a conclusive diagnosis.

Resurgence of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in Southeast Texas, Nov 2023-June 2024.

We conducted a retrospective review of children tested for Mycoplasma pneumoniae from January 1, 2020-June 30, 2024. M. pneumoniae PCR positivity increased starting in November 2023, peaking at 18.

REsolution of Symptoms afTer Oesophago-gastric cancer REsection delphi (RESTOREd)-standardizing the definition, investigation and management of gastrointestinal symptoms and conditions after surgery.

Background: Oesophago-gastric cancer surgery negatively affects quality of life with a high postoperative symptom burden. Several conditions that may be diagnosed and treated after surgery are recognised. However, consensus regarding their definition and management is lacking.

Global unmet psychosocial needs in cancer care: health policy.

Unlabelled: Preventable psychosocial suffering is an unmet need in patients with cancer around the world, significantly compromising quality of life and impairing cancer health outcomes. This narrative review overviews the global prevalence of emotional distress and cancer-related needs and the access barriers to psychosocial care. The COVID-19 pandemic has served only to amplify the need for psychosocial care, exacerbating the inadequacy of available psychosocial resources, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Mechanical distraction enterogenesis utilizing springs has equal effectiveness in adult and juvenile pigs.

Purpose: We aim to apply our spring-mediated intestinal lengthening technique to adults and children with short bowel syndrome. We hypothesized that spring-mediated intestinal lengthening would be achieved in adult and juvenile pigs.

Methods: Adult and juvenile pigs underwent insertion of a compressed spring into the jejunum.

Transcription Factor-Wide Association Studies (TF-WAS) to Identify Functional SNPs in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with profound global impact. While Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) have revealed genomic variants linked to AD, their translational impact has been limited due to challenges in interpreting the identified genetic associations. To address this challenge, we have devised a novel approach termed Transcription Factor-Wide Association Studies (TF-WAS).

Macular Edema Ranibizumab v. Intravitreal anti-inflammatory Therapy (MERIT) Trial-24-week Outcomes of Uveitic Macular Edema Retreatment.

Purpose: Evaluation of longer-term effectiveness of three intravitreal therapies (methotrexate, ranibizumab, or dexamethasone implant) for participants enrolled in the randomized comparative effectiveness trial the Macular Edema Ranibizumab versus Intravitreal anti-inflammatory Therapy (MERIT) Trial followed for24 weeks.

Design: Multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial with masked evaluation of retinal thickness and visual acuity.

Participants: Patients with persistent or recurrent uveitic macular edema.

Toward a circular nitrogen bioeconomy: integrating nitrogen bioconcentration, separations, and high-value products for nitrogen recovery.

Recovering nitrogen (N) from wastewater is a potential avenue to reduce reliance on energy-intensive synthetic nitrogen fixation via Haber-Bosch and subsequent treatment of N-laden wastewaters through nitrification-denitrification. However, many technical and economic factors hinder widespread application of N recovery, particularly low N concentrations in municipal wastewater, paucity of high-efficiency separations technologies compatible with biological treatment, and suitable products and markets for recovered N. In this perspective, we contextualize the challenges of N recovery today, propose integrated biological and physicochemical technologies to improve selective and tunable N recovery, and propose an expanded product portfolio for recovered N products beyond fertilizers.

Disruption of Opioid Treatment Program Services Due to an Extreme Weather Event: An Example of Climate Change Effects on the Health of Persons Who Use Drugs.

Climate change and the opioid epidemic in combination may pose significant challenges for individuals with opioid use disorder due to potential disruptions in access to essential addiction treatment services caused by extreme weather events. Despite concerns over the escalating health impacts of climate change, limited research has documented and explored the vulnerability of patients enrolled in opioid treatment programs to disruptions caused by climate change and particularly extreme cold events. In this commentary, we describe the impact of a catastrophic flooding event during record-setting cold temperatures at an opioid treatment program in Seattle, WA.

Exploring Human Misuse and Abuse of Veterinary Drugs: A Descriptive Pharmacovigilance Analysis Utilising the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS).

Introduction: Evidence suggests an increasing misuse of veterinary medicines by humans. This study aims to analyse Adverse Events (AEs) associated with selected veterinary products using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: A descriptive pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted on AEs related to 21 drugs approved for human and/or animal use.

Evaluation of Different Mode of Action Insecticides for the Control of ; Enhancement of Pesticide Efficacy.

(Gennadius) is a major pest worldwide, causing damage to a vast range of plants through its feeding on phloem sap and its vectoring of >100 plant viruses. Although not established in the UK, it is regularly introduced on planting material, which poses a significant plant health risk. Restrictions on pesticide use and increasing resistance to available active ingredients limit options for effective control of potential outbreaks.

A Hypoxia-Inflammation Cycle and Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Purpose Of Review: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Significant hypoxia exists in brain of people with MS (pwMS), likely contributing to inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and vascular impairments. In this review, we explore the concept of a negative feedback loop between hypoxia and inflammation, discussing its potential role in disease progression based on evidence of hypoxia, and its implications for therapeutic targets.

Characterizing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, RSV infections deviated from a previously reliable epidemiologic pattern of presentation. To investigate whether this change in RSV seasonality resulted in a change in frequency and severity of RSV infections, this single center retrospective study compares demographic and hospital factors during RSV seasons before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Included were patients under age 5 years who tested positive for RSV only by RT-PCR in our pediatric emergency departments during the last three RSV seasons before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020, as compared to the first three seasons after the pandemic started.

A new blood parasite of the accentor birds: description, molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationships and distribution.

sp. nov. (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) was found in the dunnock and represents the first blood parasite described in accentor birds of the Prunellidae.