Resistance Mechanisms of (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Malathion Revealed by Synergist Assay.

A resistant strain (MRS) of was cultured by continuous selection with malathion for over 40 generations. The MRS exhibited 32.7-fold resistance to malathion compared to the susceptible strain (MSS) and 13.

Impact of Imidacloprid Resistance on the Demographic Traits and Expressions of Associated Genes in Glover.

Imidacloprid is one of the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticides to control sap-sucking insect pests, including . The intensive application of chemical insecticides to led to the development of resistance against several insecticides, including imidacloprid. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the association between imidacloprid resistance and the fitness of to limit the spread of the resistant population under field contexts.

V101I and R81T mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β1 subunit are associated with neonicotinoid resistance in Myzus persicae.

Background: The peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest worldwide. The intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of resistance against neonicotinoid insecticides. The R81T mutation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta1 subunit is considered a crucial mechanism adaptation to neonicotinoid resistance in M.

Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China.

Background: The wheat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion miscanthi, are serious agricultural insect pests of many crops. Neonicotinoid insecticides are commonly used as alternatives to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides for controlling wheat aphids.

Results: Long-term monitoring of resistance to imidacloprid and acetamiprid in R.

Characterization of the insecticide detoxification carboxylesterase Boest1 from Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae).

Background: In insects, carboxylesterases (CarEs) are enzymes involved in the detoxification of insecticides. However, the molecular mechanism of CarE-mediated insecticide metabolism in Bradysia odoriphaga, a serious agricultural pest, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the detoxification process of malathion, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid by B.

Sublethal concentrations of clothianidin affect fecundity and key demographic parameters of the chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga.

Bradysia odoriphaga is a major insect pest that infests Chinese chive in northern China. Clothianidin is a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide that is commonly used against B. odoriphaga.

Characterization and functional analysis of two acetylcholinesterase genes in Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae).

Two acetylcholinesterase genes (Boace1 and Boace2) were cloned from Bradysia odoriphaga, a devastating soil pest that mainly damages Chinese chives. The Boace1 encodes BoAChE1 protein consisting of 696 amino acid residues, while Boace2 encodes BoAChE2 containing 638 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Boace1 and Boace2 are appeared to be distinct clusters.

Acetamiprid resistance and fitness costs of melon aphid, Aphis gossypii: An age-stage, two-sex life table study.

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii is a globally distributed crop pest with a wide host range. The intensive use of insecticides against this insect over several years has led to develop resistance against many insecticides including acetamiprid. Understanding the relationship between acetamiprid resistance and fitness of A.

Author Correction: Impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on biological traits and expression profile of chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) in melon aphid, Aphis gossypii.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin modulate interspecific interactions between specialist and generalist aphid species on soybean.

In agroecosystems, plant-pest interactions are at the basis of complex food webs, which can be affected by both biotic and abiotic factors. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the insecticide beta-cypermethrin on interspecific interactions between the specialist aphid Aphis glycines and the generalist aphid Aulacorthum solani on soybean. Aphis glycines showed higher fecundity than A.

Functional analysis of cytochrome P450 genes linked with acetamiprid resistance in melon aphid, Aphis gossypii.

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are highly conserved multifunctional enzymes that play crucial roles in insecticide resistance development. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of P450s in acetamiprid resistance development to melon aphid, Aphis gossypii was investigated. Acetamiprid resistant (32.

Fitness costs in clothianidin-resistant population of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii.

Clothianidin is a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, widely used against sap-sucking insect pest including melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). This pest causes severe economic damage to Cucurbitaceae plants worldwide. In this study, we investigated clothianidin resistance development under continuous selection pressure.

Thiamethoxam induces transgenerational hormesis effects and alteration of genes expression in Aphis gossypii.

Insecticide induced-hormesis, a bi-phasic phenomenon characterized by low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition following exposure to insecticide, is crucial to insect pest resurgence. In this study, the effects of low or sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam on biological traits and genes expression were investigated for Aphis gossypii Glover following 72 h exposures. Leaf-Dip bioassay results showed that thiamethoxam was very toxic against adult A.

Fitness costs in chlorfenapyr-resistant populations of the chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga.

The chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga (Yang and Zhang) is an economically important insect pest, affecting many key vegetables, including Chinese chive, especially in northern China. Chlorfenapyr, a halogenated pyrrole insecticide that interferes with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is widely used against B. odoriphaga.

RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Chitin Synthase 1 () Gene Causes Mortality and Decreased Longevity and Fecundity in .

Chitin is a vital part of the insect exoskeleton and peritrophic membrane, synthesized by chitin synthase (CHS) enzymes. Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) is a crucial enzyme in the final step of chitin biosynthetic pathway and consequently plays essential role towards insect growth and molting. RNA interference (RNAi) is an agent that could be used as an extremely target-specific and ecologically innocuous tactic to control different insect pests associated with economically important crops.

Synthesis, aphicidal activity and conformation of novel insect kinin analogues as potential eco-friendly insecticides.

Background: The discovery of ecofriendly insecticides through a new strategy for aphid control is important because of the substantial resistance and unexpected eco-toxicity to honeybees caused by traditional insecticides. The insect kinins, a class of multifunctional insect neuropeptides, are considered for potential application in pest control. In our previous work we developed several series of insect kinin analogues and found a promising lead II-1 with good aphicidal activity.

Overexpression of UDP-glycosyltransferase potentially involved in insecticide resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover collected from Bt cotton fields in China.

Background: The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is one of the most destructive insect pests. It has evolved resistance to numerous insecticides around the world due to the application of insecticides. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been reported to potentially facilitate the detoxification process of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in A.

Impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on biological traits and expression profile of chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) in melon aphid, Aphis gossypii.

Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor that can be used for the control of hemipteran pests, especially melon aphid, Aphis gossypii. The impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on the biological parameters and expression profile of CHS1 gene were estimated for two successive generations of A. gossypii.

UDP-glucosyltransferases potentially contribute to imidacloprid resistance in Aphis gossypii glover based on transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a destructive global crop pest. Control of A. gossypii has relied heavily on the application of chemical insecticides.

A polymer/detergent formulation improves dsRNA penetration through the body wall and RNAi-induced mortality in the soybean aphid Aphis glycines.

Background: It is difficult to efficiently silence gene expression in some insects, probably because of the degradation of dsRNA by enzymes present in the gut and hemolymph post-oral feeding or body injecting of dsRNA. We previously developed a nanocarrier delivery system that can systemically deliver dsRNA into chewing mouthpart insects by oral feeding and efficiently silence gene expression. For the purpose of pest control in the field, there is a great demand to develop a spray method to apply dsRNA formulation.

Aphid (Myzus persicae) feeding on the parasitic plant dodder (Cuscuta australis) activates defense responses in both the parasite and soybean host.

Dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are shoot holoparasites, whose haustoria penetrate host tissues to enable fusion between the parasite and host vascular systems, allowing Cuscuta to extract water, nutrients and other molecules from hosts. Aphids are piercing-sucking herbivores that use specialized stylets to feed on phloem sap.

Both point mutations and low expression levels of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β1 subunit are associated with imidacloprid resistance in an Aphis gossypii (Glover) population from a Bt cotton field in China.

Aphis gossypii Glover is a destructive pest of numerous crops throughout the world. Although the expansion of Bt cotton cultivation has helped to control some insect pests, the damage from cotton aphids has not been mitigated. The evolution of aphid resistance to imidacloprid has made its chemical control more difficult since its introduction in 1991.

Sublethal and hormesis effects of beta-cypermethrin on the biology, life table parameters and reproductive potential of soybean aphid Aphis glycines.

Beta-cypermethrin has long been recommended as an effective pesticide to control the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, a serious pest in soybean crops. Besides acute toxicity, it leads to changes in life history traits of A. glycines, notably its reproductive potential.

A P-glycoprotein gene serves as a component of the protective mechanisms against 2-tridecanone and abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) exists in animals, fungi and bacteria and likely evolved as a defense mechanism against harmful substances. Here a cDNA (4054bp) encoding a putative P-glycoprotein gene from Helicoverpa armigera was cloned and named HaPgp1. This putative HaPgp1 sequence encoded a protein of 1253 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 137kDa.