Parental leave experiences for the non-childbearing general surgery resident parent: A qualitative analysis.

Background: Stigma surrounds parental leave during general surgery residency, yet 25% to 29% of general surgery residents have children. Parental leave experiences of non-childbearing general surgery resident parents have not been described. This study aimed to describe the non-childbearing population's parental leave experiences.

To report hounsfeld units or not: There is no question.

Introduction: Most adrenal incidentalomas are not appropriately evaluated. Reporting the mass in the radiology report summary and providing recommendations in the report can positively impact evaluation. This study evaluated the effect of reporting Hounsfield units(HU) on adrenal incidentaloma follow-up.

Not Clearing the Air: Hospital Price Transparency for a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Introduction: In 2019, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) established a new requirement that all hospitals publish information on the standard costs of services provided. Increased price transparency allows patients to compare healthcare costs and make informed decisions about their care. We investigated compliance with this rule with regards to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a commonly performed operation and one of the 70 shoppable services (SSs) included in the CMS requirement, among prominent hospitals in the United States.

Association of High-Density Calcified 1K Plaque With Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Importance: Plaque morphologic measures on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have been associated with future acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the evolution of calcified coronary plaques by noninvasive imaging is not known.

Objective: To ascertain whether the increasing density in calcified coronary plaque is associated with risk for ACS.

Risk Reclassification With Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography-Visualized Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease According to 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guidelines (from the Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes : An International Multicenter Registry [CONFIRM]).

The 2018 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) cholesterol management guideline recommends risk enhancers in the borderline-risk and statin recommended/intermediate-risk groups. We determined the risk reclassification by the presence and severity of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-visualized coronary artery disease (CAD) according to statin eligibility groups. Of 35,281 individuals who underwent CCTA, 1,303 asymptomatic patients (age 59, 65% male) were identified.

A randomized, controlled pragmatic trial of telephonic medication therapy management to reduce hospitalization in home health patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephonic medication therapy management (MTM) service on reducing hospitalizations among home health patients.

Setting: Forty randomly selected, geographically diverse home health care centers in the United States.

Design: Two-stage, randomized, controlled trial with 60-day follow-up.

The effect of the gamma modulator on Na/K pump activity of intact mammalian cells.

This study concerns the modulatory effects of the gamma modulator of the Na/K pump, in particular whether the effects seen in previous experiments with isolated membranes are relevant to Na/K pump behavior in intact mammalian cells. For this purpose, HeLa cells previously transfected with the rat Na/K catalytic subunit were used. The results show that both variants of the regulator, gammaa and gammab, decrease the apparent affinity of the pump for Na(+) and cause a modest increase in apparent ATP affinity as seen in measurements of ouabain-sensitive (86)Rb(K(+)) influx into cells in which ATP was varied using antimycin A and glucose.

Na+-inhibitory sites of the Na+/H+ exchanger are Li+ substrate sites.

Amiloride-inhibitable Li+ influx in dog red blood cells is mediated by the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE. However, there are substantial differences between the properties of Li+ transport and Na+ transport through the NHE. Li+ influx is activated by cell shrinkage, and Na+ influx is not, as we reported previously (Dunham PB, Kelley SJ, and Logue PJ.

Cell shrinkage activates Na+/H+ exchange in dog red cells by relieving inhibition of exchange by Na+ in isotonic medium.

Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) are widely distributed transporters responsible for regulation of cell volume and pH. In isotonic medium, NHE is often low or negligible, and is strongly activated by osmotic cell shrinkage. It is reported here that extracellular Na+ inhibits NHE in isotonic medium, and cell shrinkage stimulates NHE by relieving this inhibition.

Extracellular Na+ inhibits Na+/H+ exchange: cell shrinkage reduces the inhibition.

Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) are ubiquitous transporters participating in regulation of cell volume and pH. Cell shrinkage, acidification, and growth factors activate NHE by increasing its sensitivity to intracellular H+ concentration. In this study, the kinetics were studied in dog red blood cells of Na+ influx through NHE as a function of external Na+ concentration ([Na+](o)).

The KCl cotransporter isoform KCC3 can play an important role in cell growth regulation.

The KCl cotransporter (KCC) plays a significant role in the ionic and osmotic homeostasis of many cell types. Four KCC isoforms have been cloned. KCC1 and KCC4 activity is osmolality-sensitive and involved in volume regulation.

Differences in preschool children's conceptual strategies when thinking about animate entities and artifacts.

Two-, 3-, and 4-year-old children viewed 10 stimulus sets. Each set contained a sample picture (e.g.

Candidate inhibitor of the volume-sensitive kinase regulating K-Cl cotransport: the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML-7.

K-Cl cotransport, KCC, is activated by swelling in many cells types, and promotes volume regulation by a KCl efflux osmotically coupled to water efflux. KCC is probably activated by swelling-inhibition of a kinase, permitting dephosphorylation, and activation of the cotransporter by a phosphatase. The myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor ML-7 inhibits transporters activated by shrinkage.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of KCC3, a new K-Cl cotransporter.

We isolated and characterized a novel K-Cl cotransporter, KCC3, from human placenta. The deduced protein contains 1,150 amino acids. KCC3 shares 75-76% identity at the amino acid level with human, pig, rat, and rabbit KCC1 and 67% identity with rat KCC2.

The Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Emerging Infections Network.

Issue: The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has undertaken an initiative in emerging infections.

Project: The APEC Emerging Infections Network project uses collaborative telecommunications tools such as e-mail and a World Wide Web site to bridge the broad geographic expanse and diversity of APEC. Scientists and policymakers share information to effectively combat emerging infectious disease (EID) through surveillance, prevention, research, and control measures.

Cloning, characterization, and gene organization of K-Cl cotransporter from pig and human kidney and C. elegans.

We isolated and characterized the cDNAs for the human, pig, and Caenorhabditis elegans K-Cl cotransporters. The pig and human homologs are 94% identical and contain 1,085 and 1,086 amino acids, respectively. The deduced protein of the C.

Computer-mediated social support: single young mothers as a model system.

Forty-two single mothers with young infants were given access to a computer-mediated social support (CMSS) network concerned with parenting issues. The network operated 24 hours per day over a period of 6 months. It permitted public message exchanges, private e-mail, and text-based teleconferencing for as many as 8 participants at any one time.

Stimulation of membrane serine-threonine phosphatase in erythrocytes by hydrogen peroxide and staurosporine.

Indirect evidence has suggested that K-Cl cotransport in human and sheep erythrocytes is activated physiologically by a serine-threonine phosphatase. It is activated experimentally by H2O2 and by staurosporine, a kinase inhibitor. Activation by H2O2 and staurosporine is inhibited by serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitors, suggesting that the activators stimulate the phosphatase.

L antigens of sheep red blood cell membranes and modulation of ion transport.

Sheep are polymorphic with respect to the intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations of their erythrocytes. Erythrocytes of sheep of the high-K+ (HK) phenotype have high K+ and low Na+ concentrations; erythrocytes from sheep of the allelic low-K+ (LK) phenotype have abnormally low K+ and high Na+ concentrations. The difference is due to differences in rates of cation transport: higher Na+-K+ pump flux in HK cells and higher K+-Cl- cotransport in LK cells.

Mechanism of swelling activation of K-Cl cotransport in inside-out vesicles of LK sheep erythrocyte membranes.

Stimulation by swelling of K-Cl cotransport was studied in inside-out vesicles (IOVs) made from membranes of LK sheep erythrocytes. The purpose was to understand this stimulation in terms of the three-state process proposed for regulation of the cotransporter (P.B.

Reconstitution of calyculin-inhibited K-Cl cotransport in dog erythrocyte ghosts by exogenous PP-1.

Osmotic swelling of dog and other mammalian erythrocytes activates Cl-dependent K transport, K-Cl cotransport. This activation can be abolished by nanomolar concentrations of calyculin, a potent inhibitor of serine-threonine protein phosphatases. Therefore, K-Cl cotransport is probably activated by dephosphorylation by a type 1 and/or type 2A protein phosphatase (PP-1 and PP-2A, respectively).