Metabolic Regulation of Copper Toxicity during Marine Mussel Embryogenesis.

The development of new tools for assessing the health of cultured shellfish larvae is crucial for aquaculture industries to develop and refine hatchery methodologies. We established a large-volume ecotoxicology/health stressor trial, exposing mussel () embryos to copper in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). GC/MS-based metabolomics was applied to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring embryonic/larval health and to characterise mechanisms of metal toxicity.

Prevalence, Virulence Gene Distribution and Alarming the Multidrug Resistance of Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Freshwater Aquaculture.

The study aims to evaluate the infection prevalence, virulence gene distribution and antimicrobial resistance of associated in diseased outbreaks of cultured freshwater fish in Northern Vietnam. The confirmed were screened for the presence of the five pitutative-virulence genes including aerolysin (), hemolysin (), cytotonic enterotoxin (), heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (), and heat-stable enterotoxin (), and examined the susceptibility to 16 antibiotics. A total of 236 isolates were recovered and confirmed from 506 diseased fish by phenotypic tests, PCR assays, and , sequenced analyses, corresponding to the infection prevalence at 46.

Pogostemins A-C, three new cytotoxic meroterpenoids from Pogostemon auricularius.

Pogostemins A-C (1-3), three new meroterpenoids with pyrone-sesquiterpenoid hybrid skeletons, were isolated from the aerial parts of Pogostemon auricularius. Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxicities against the human colon adenocarcinoma SW-480, epidermoid carcinoma KB, gastric cancer AGS, hepatoma cancer Hep-G2, and lung cancer LU-1 cell lines with IC values of 7.

Differential expression of novel metabolic and immunological biomarkers in oysters challenged with a virulent strain of OsHV-1.

Early lifestages of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) are highly susceptible to infection by OsHV-1 μVar, but little information exists regarding metabolic or pathophysiological responses of larval hosts. Using a metabolomics approach, we identified a range of metabolic and immunological responses in oyster larvae exposed to OsHV-1 μVar; some of which have not previously been reported in molluscs. Multivariate analyses of entire metabolite profiles were able to separate infected from non-infected larvae.

Establishing the thermal window for aerobic scope in New Zealand geoduck clams (Panopea zelandica).

Geoduck clams (Panopea spp.) are the longest-lived and largest deep burrowing bivalve. Their unique morphology allows them to live buried in the sediment at depths of up to 1 m.