The Association Between Ambient Temperatures and Hospital Admissions Due to Respiratory Diseases in the Capital City of Vietnam.

This study aimed to examine the short-term effects of ambient temperature on hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases among Hanoi residents. We collected 34,653 hospital admissions for 365 days (November 1, 2017, to November 31, 2018) from two hospitals in Hanoi. A quasi-Poisson regression model with time series analysis was used to explore the temperature-health outcome relationship's overall pattern.

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application.

Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application.

Environmental monitoring and potential health risk assessment from Pymetrozine exposure among communities in typical rice-growing areas of China.

Pymetrozine is one of the most commonly used insecticides in China. This study was conducted to analyse Pymetrozine's potential exposures through various environmental routes beyond the treatment areas. The aim was to estimate the potential health risk for communities due to non-dietary exposures to Pymetrozine in soil and paddy water.

Corrigendum: Interdisciplinary Assessment of Hygiene Practices in Multiple Locations: Implications for COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness in Vietnam.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.

Relationship between flood severity and risk of hospitalisation in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam.

Objective: To examine the relationship between flood severity and risk of hospitalisation in the Vietnam Mekong River Delta (MRD).

Methods: We obtained data on hospitalisations and hydro-meteorological factors during 2011-2014 for seven MRD provinces. We classified each day into a flood-season exposure period: the 2011 extreme annual flood (EAF); 2012-2014 routine annual floods (RAF); dry season and non-flood wet season (reference period).

Probabilistic health risk assessment of chlorpyrifos exposure among applicators on rice farms in Ghana.

Human health risk assessments of exposures to non-carcinogenic occupational and environmental toxicants have mostly been undertaken using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) approach, which largely ignores variabilities in both exposures and associated adverse health outcomes, unlike probabilistic approaches. Chlorpyrifos is a neurotoxic insecticide that is commonly applied by farmers in Ghana with limited research on associated health risks among applicators. The objective of this study was to assess health risks associated with chlorpyrifos exposure among applicators on rice farms in Ghana, using advanced probabilistic approaches that incorporate variability in both exposure doses and adverse response doses obtained from human epidemiological studies.

Gaps in awareness of climate variability and its impacts on society among health professionals and community workers in Vietnam: Implications for COVID-19 and other epidemic response systems.

The study presents a cross-sectional analysis via a web-based survey to assess the awareness and experiences of Vietnamese health professionals and community workers on climate and epidemic changes and their impacts on society. Health professionals, medical students, and community workers were included in the survey. Factor analysis was used to explore the construct validity of measures, and Multivariable Tobit regression models were used to examine associated factors with awareness about climate and epidemic changes and impacts on society.

Interdisciplinary Assessment of Hygiene Practices in Multiple Locations: Implications for COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness in Vietnam.

Due to the shared border with China, Vietnam faced risks from the COVID-19 pandemic at the early stages of the outbreak. Good hygiene practices were considered an effective prevention method, but there were only minimal data on the effectiveness of hygiene practices against the pandemic at the community level. Thus, this study aims to assess hygiene practices in society by using a community-based survey.

Smartphone Use and Willingness to Pay for HIV Treatment-Assisted Smartphone Applications among HIV-Positive Patients in Urban Clinics of Vietnam.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-assisted smartphone applications in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed in two urban outpatient clinics in Hanoi from May to December 2019. A simple random sampling method and a structured questionnaire were used to recruit 495 eligible participants and to collect data.

Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment.

Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural products have been reported. The increase in the world's population in the 20th century could not have been possible without a parallel increase in food production.

Feasibility of Intersectoral Collaboration in Epidemic Preparedness and Response at Grassroots Levels in the Threat of COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam.

To effectively control the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak in later stages in Vietnam requires addressing the existing gaps in the national health emergency framework, consolidate, and inform its structure, we conducted this study to evaluate the importance and collaborative mechanism between health and community service workers with intersectional organizations at grassroots levels in Vietnam. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted from 12/2019 to 02/2020 on 581 participants (37 health workers, 473 medical students, and 71 community service workers). The snowball sampling technique was used to recruit participants.

Evaluating Training Need for Epidemic Control in Three Metropolitans: Implications for COVID-19 Preparedness in Vietnam.

Upon the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries worldwide face a critical shortage of human resources in the health sector. Medical students are a potential task force with the capability to support the stretched health sector. This study aims to evaluate their training need for epidemic control in order to employ them effectively.

Coverage of Health Information by Different Sources in Communities: Implication for COVID-19 Epidemic Response.

Health personnel and community workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 emergency response and need to be equipped with adequate knowledge related to epidemics for an effective response. This study aimed to identify the coverage of COVID-19 health information via different sources accessed by health workers and community workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was carried out from January to February 2020 in Vietnam.

Difference of trace element exposed routes and their health risks between agriculture and pastoral areas in Bay County Xinjiang, China.

The concentration level related to toxicities of trace elements in drinking water, rice, wheat flour, and their associated negative impacts on human health have become an emergent issue in China. Because Xinjiang is the largest province in China with the majority of arable pasture land available for cultivation, it is important to analyze the concentrations of trace elements in relation to their toxicities in water, rice, and wheat flour and to investigate the health risk differences between agricultural and pastoral areas in Bay County, Xinjiang. The study results showed that (1) metal concentrations from drinking water, rice, and wheat flour were within the permissible limits; (2) concentration levels of trace elements and their total risk from drinking water and rice were higher in the agricultural areas than those in the pastoral areas, whereas concentration levels of trace elements and their total risk from wheat flour were higher in the pastoral areas than those in the agricultural areas; (3) the concentration level of the trace elements in rice were higher than in the wheat flour, but the risk from the wheat flour was higher than the risk from rice; (4) total non-cancer risk from the flour (HI) in both areas exceeded the respective safe reference doses; (5) total cancer risk from the wheat flour, rice, and water exceeded the safety limit (1 × 10); (6) for the exposed population, arsenic was suggested as the most evident pollutant leading to carcinogenic concerns regarding the water, rice, and wheat flour; (7) the risk index from the wheat flour made up the highest percentage both in the total cancer risk and the non-cancer risk, followed by rice and then water; and (8) the human health risk was attributed to influence from the local environment in the agriculture areas, while it was attributed to the external environment in the pastoral areas.

Comparative evaluation of chlorpyrifos exposure estimates from whole-body dermal dosimetry and urinary trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) methods.

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides and has a record of adverse effects on applicators. Assessment of exposure to chlorpyrifos based on its urinary metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), is considered as the most accurate. However, urine sampling can be difficult, and the laboratory analytical procedures involved are complex and expensive.

Biomonitoring of chlorpyrifos exposure and health risk assessment among applicators on rice farms in Ghana.

Chlorpyrifos is a neurotoxic insecticide that is widely used in the agricultural sector of Ghana. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of chlorpyrifos exposure and health risk among applicators (n = 21) on irrigated rice farms in Ghana, based on a typical application event. Pre- and post-application urine samples (24-h) were collected from the applicators and analysed for 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), using LC-MS/MS.

Health risk assessment of dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana.

Generally, there is limited information on pesticide absorbed dose levels and health risk attributable to the dermal route of exposure among applicators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the absorbed dose levels and consequent health risk from dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana. The whole-body dosimetry technique was used to capture chlorpyrifos residues penetrating the applicators' clothing and reaching their skin, as well as residues reaching uncovered body areas of the applicators.

Dermal exposure of applicators to chlorpyrifos on rice farms in Ghana.

Studies evaluating dermal exposure to pesticides among applicators in tropical countries have largely been conducted using the patch dosimetry and hand wiping/washing techniques. This study used the more accurate whole-body dosimetry technique to evaluate dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana. The exposure levels were plotted as Cumulative Probability Distribution (CPD).

A new method for setting guidelines to protect human health from agricultural exposure by using chlorpyrifos as an example.

Introduction And Objectives: Guidelines set by various agencies for the control and management of chlorpyrifos cover a wide range of values reflecting difficulties in the procedures for their development. To overcome these difficulties a new method to set guidelines would be developed. Published data derived from epidemiological investigations on human populations would be used to develop a dose-response relationship for chlorpyrifos allowing the calculation of threshold values which can be used as guidelines.

Needs assessment for reducing pesticide risk: a case study with farmers in Vietnam.

The objective of this study was to identify the needs for and solutions to pesticide risk reduction for farmers in Vietnam, using a comprehensive needs assessment model applied for evaluating community needs and policy development. Four kinds of needs were evaluated using qualitative research methods. A comparative analysis of pesticide regulations was used to identify comparative needs.

Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (VAHs) in residential indoor air in Brisbane, Australia.

Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (VAHs: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, mp-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, naphthalene) in residential indoor air in Brisbane, Australia were measured in 32 houses. The total VAHs (TVAHs) levels ranged between 2 and 137μg/m(3) and were lower than the most of the houses in the literature data. The VAHs were believed to originate from heat insulation systems, building material products as well motor vehicles but naphthalene and styrene originated from other sources.

Health risk characterization of chlorpyrifos using epidemiological dose-response data and probabilistic techniques: a case study with rice farmers in Vietnam.

Various methods for risk characterization have been developed using probabilistic approaches. Data on Vietnamese farmers are available for the comparison of outcomes for risk characterization using different probabilistic methods. This article addresses the health risk characterization of chlorpyrifos using epidemiological dose-response data and probabilistic techniques obtained from a case study with rice farmers in Vietnam.

Pesticide regulations and farm worker safety: the need to improve pesticide regulations in Viet Nam.

Agricultural pesticide use in Viet Nam has more than tripled since 1990. However, pesticide legislation and regulations have not been developed in response to this large increase in usage, as a result of which pesticides pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. This paper identifies the need to improve pesticide regulations in Viet Nam through a comparative analysis of pesticide regulations in Viet Nam and the United States of America, where the rate of acute poisoning among agricultural workers is much lower than in Viet Nam and where information pertaining to pesticide regulations is made accessible to the public.

Probabilistic assessment of chlorpyrifos exposure to rice farmers in Viet Nam.

Chlorpyrifos is the most common organophosphate compound registered for agricultural use in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to evaluate chlorpyrifos exposure to rice farmers in Vietnam, using a probabilistic approach. Urine samples on a 24-h basis were collected from farmers before and post application of pesticide.