An Aniline-Substituted Bile Salt Analog Protects both Mice and Hamsters from Multiple Clostridioides difficile Strains.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the major identifiable cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The emergence of hypervirulent C. difficile strains has led to increases in both hospital- and community-acquired CDI.

Difference in levels of SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits- and nucleocapsid protein-reactive SIgM/IgM, IgG and SIgA/IgA antibodies in human milk.

Objective: This study evaluated the presence and the levels of antibodies reactive to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits (S1 + S2), and nucleocapsid protein.

Study Design: The levels of SARS-CoV-2 S1 + S2- and nucleocapsid-reactive SIgM/IgM, IgG and SIgA/IgA were measured in human milk samples from 41 women during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-HM) and from 16 women 2 years prior to the outbreak (2018-HM).

Results: SARS-CoV-2 S1 + S2-reactive SIgA/IgA, SIgM/IgM and IgG were detected in 97.

Application of relative air pollution index (RAPI)-a new method for aggregate assessment of current air pollution in Cam Pha coal mining area, Quang Ninh province, Vietnam.

In this article, the authors apply the relative air pollution index (RAPI) proposed by Pham Ngoc Ho for aggregate assessment of daily air pollution level (RAPI) using data from 3 daily standards (1, 8, and 24 h) of each country's standard, including Vietnam Technical Regulation QCVN 05:2013/MONRE. By using the automated data of ambient air at 3 monitoring stations in Cam Pha coal mining area, Quang Ninh province in 2018, results of the frequency of pollution by month (f%) have shown that overall, the air quality in dry season (October-March) is worse than that in rainy season (April-September). Results of pollution frequency by month in a year f% also indicate that air pollution in 2018 at 3 stations is mostly at level I (no pollution) with f% ranged from 10 to 58.

Active free secretory component and secretory IgA in human milk: do maternal vaccination, allergy, infection, mode of delivery, nutrition and active lifestyle change their concentrations?

Background: Free secretory component (free SC) in human milk is a critical constituent of secretory IgA (SIgA) for immune exclusion, but its concentration in human milk is unknown. To evaluate the relationship between free SC and SIgA, the influence of maternal factors (vaccination during pregnancy, allergy, previous infections, nutrition, mode of delivery and active lifestyle) on the concentrations of those secretory immune components in human milk was investigated.

Methods: Concentration of active free SC and SIgA in 124 milk samples from 91 mothers were measured via ELISA.

A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates () Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects.

(formerly ) infection (CDI) can result from the disruption of the resident gut microbiota. Western diets and popular weight-loss diets drive large changes in the gut microbiome; however, the literature is conflicted with regard to the effect of diet on CDI. Using the hypervirulent strain R20291 (RT027) in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced CDI, we assessed disease outcome and microbial community dynamics in mice fed two high-fat diets in comparison with a high-carbohydrate diet and a standard rodent diet.