The Alternative Host with the Most: Understanding the Ecology of pv. on Noncarrot Crops in Central Oregon.

Bacterial blight of carrot, caused by pv. (), is an economically important disease in carrot ( subsp. ) seed production.

Central role of Tim17 in mitochondrial presequence protein translocation.

The presequence translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23) represents the major route for the import of nuclear-encoded proteins into mitochondria. About 60% of more than 1,000 different mitochondrial proteins are synthesized with amino-terminal targeting signals, termed presequences, which form positively charged amphiphilic α-helices. TIM23 sorts the presequence proteins into the inner membrane or matrix.

Evaluation of Bait Crops for the Integrated Management of White Rot () in Crops.

White rot, caused by , is a serious disease that causes significant yield losses in production. The pathogen persists in soil as sclerotia, which germinate in response to sulfur compounds in root exudates. This study was aimed at investigating the potential of early-terminated bait crops to reduce densities of sclerotia in soil.

Legacy effects of fumigation on soil bacterial and fungal communities and their response to metam sodium application.

Background: Soil microorganisms are integral to maintaining soil health and crop productivity, but fumigation used to suppress soilborne diseases may affect soil microbiota. Currently, little is known about the legacy effects of soil fumigation on soil microbial communities and their response to fumigation at the production scale. Here, 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in soils from intensively managed crop fields with and without previous exposure to metam sodium (MS) fumigation.

Evaluation of Sulfur-Based Biostimulants for the Germination of Sclerotia and Their Interaction with Soil.

White rot is an economically significant disease of . The pathogen produces long-lived sclerotia that germinate in response to sulfur-containing compounds released from roots. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) was the primary organic sulfur compound detected in the rhizosphere soil of two garlic cultivars, "California Early and Late", growing in greenhouse conditions.

Verticillium Wilt of Mint in the United States of America.

Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus is the most important and destructive disease of mint ( spp.) in the United States (U.S.

Molecular and Alkaloid Characterization of Sensu Lato From Grass Seed Production Areas of the U.S. Pacific Northwest.

Ergot, caused by sensu lato, is an economically important seed replacement disease of Kentucky bluegrass () and perennial ryegrass () seed crops. sensu stricto is considered the primary species responsible, but genetic diversity and cryptic species within sensu lato have previously been reported. Fifty-six sensu lato isolates collected from ( = 21) and ( = 35) in Oregon and Washington between 2010 and 2014 were characterized via random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin and elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) sequences, conidial size, and ergot alkaloid chemotype.

Population Genetic Structure of in Cool-Season Grass Seed Crops of Oregon.

Ergot, caused by , is a primary disease concern in irrigated cool-season grass seed production systems of Oregon. In order to better understand the genetic diversity, population structure, and the epidemiology of in grasses grown for seed, 226 isolates were obtained using a hierarchical sampling strategy from two fields each of Kentucky bluegrass ( = 102) and perennial ryegrass ( = 124) and characterized using 12 microsatellite markers. A total of 194 unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified in this study.

Distribution of pv. Populations in Naturally Infested Carrot Seed Lots.

Bacterial blight of carrot ( subsp. ), caused by the plant-pathogenic bacterium pv. , is a common seedborne disease of carrot wherever the crop is grown.

Genetic Diversity of Isolates From Mint Detected with Genotyping by Sequencing.

Verticillium wilt is the most important disease threatening the commercial production of mint grown for essential oil. An important long-term goal for mint breeders is the production of cultivars with resistance to Verticillium wilt. Before that can be accomplished, a better understanding of the genetic variation within and among populations of is needed.

Evidence of a trans-kingdom plant disease complex between a fungus and plant-parasitic nematodes.

Disease prediction tools improve management efforts for many plant diseases. Prediction and downstream prevention demand information about disease etiology, which can be complicated for some diseases, like those caused by soilborne microorganisms. Fortunately, the availability of machine learning methods has enabled researchers to elucidate complex relationships between hosts and pathogens without invoking difficult-to-satisfy assumptions.

From pathogen to endophyte: an endophytic population of Verticillium dahliae evolved from a sympatric pathogenic population.

The fungus Verticillium dahliae causes wilts of several hundred plant species, including potato and mint. Verticillium spp. also colonize sympatric hosts such as mustards and grasses as endophytes.

Detection and Quantification of Airborne Claviceps purpurea sensu lato Ascospores from Hirst-Type Spore Traps using Real-Time Quantitative PCR.

The U.S. Pacific Northwest states of Oregon and Washington are major producers of cool-season grass seed.

Identification of Environmental Factors Related to Claviceps purpurea Ascospore Production in Perennial Ryegrass Seed Fields and Development of Predictive Models.

Claviceps purpurea, the causal agent of ergot of perennial ryegrass seed crops, overwinters as sclerotia in the soil and releases airborne ascospores in the spring that infect flower ovaries and replace seed with sclerotia. Burkard spore traps were used to quantify the dispersal phenology and concentration of ascospores in perennial ryegrass seed fields in the Columbia Basin of Oregon. Weather factors were measured concurrently with spore trapping.

Spatial Patterns of Ergot and Quantification of Sclerotia in Perennial Ryegrass Seed Fields in Eastern Oregon.

Ergot, caused by Claviceps purpurea, is a major disease of perennial ryegrass grown for seed in eastern Oregon. The objective of this research was to quantify and describe the spatial patterns of ergot severity in each of three 50-ha commercial fields of perennial ryegrass grown for seed in 2012 and 2013. In total, 1,433 and 1,405 quadrats were sampled among the three fields in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and the percentage of quadrats with ergot ranged from 59 to 90%.

Simple sequence repeat markers that identify species and strains.

Background: is a pathogen that infects most members of Pooideae, a subfamily of Poaceae, and causes ergot, a floral disease in which the ovary is replaced with a sclerotium. When the ergot body is accidently consumed by either man or animal in high enough quantities, there is extreme pain, limb loss and sometimes death.

Results: This study was initiated to develop simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers for rapid identification of .

Afternoon Ascospore Release in Claviceps purpurea Optimizes Perennial Ryegrass Infection.

In Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Claviceps purpurea, the causal agent of ergot, typically releases ascospores during the early-morning hours, between about midnight and 10:00 a.m., corresponding to time of flowering, when the unfertilized ovaries are most susceptible to infection.

First Report of Ustilago cynodontis Causing Smut of Cynodon dactylon in Washington State, United States.

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is an important warm-season perennial turf and forage grass that is typically grown in warm, tropical and subtropical climates. Smutted inflorescences of bermudagrass were observed and collected in Benton County, Washington, United States, in October of 2012 in an unmanaged, naturalized area located near the banks of the Columbia River and adjacent to large expanses of managed turf containing bermudagrass. The climate in this area is favorable to bermudagrass due to the relatively mild winters and hot, dry summers that usually occur in this region.

First Report of Pectobacterium wasabiae Causing Aerial Stem Rot of Potato in Washington State.

Aerial stem rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum), also known as bacterial stem rot, is often caused by the pectolytic bacteria Pectobacterium (Erwinia) carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, P. atrosepticum, or Dickeya spp.

Verticillium dahliae populations from mint and potato are genetically divergent with predominant haplotypes.

In total, 286 Verticillium dahliae isolates from mint, potato, and other hosts and substrates were characterized for mating type, vegetative compatibility group (VCG), and multilocus microsatellite haplotype to determine population genetic structure among populations infecting mint and potato. Populations from mint and potato fit a clonal reproductive model, with all isolates a single mating type (MAT1-2) and multiple occurrences of the same haplotypes. Haplotype H02 represented 88% of mint isolates and was primarily VCG2B, while haplotype H04 represented 70% of potato isolates and was primarily VCG4A.

Incidence and impact of Verticillium dahliae in soil associated with certified potato seed lots.

Verticillium dahliae causes Verticillium wilt of potato and can be found in soil associated with potato seed tubers. The purpose of this research was to quantify V. dahliae in soil associated with certified seed tubers and determine if this potential inoculum source is related to disease development in the field.

Impact of Seed Lot Infection on the Development of Black Dot and Verticillium Wilt of Potato in Washington.

The fungi Colletotrichum coccodes and Verticillium dahliae are two pathogens of potato which are prevalent in potato field soils and seed tubers. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seed lot infection by C. coccodes and V.