Fractal dimension, lacunarity, and bone area fraction analysis of peri-implant trabecular bone after prosthodontic loading.

Objectives: To assess the structural alterations in peri-implant bone occurring 5 years after prosthodontic loading in panoramic radiography (PR).

Methods: PR images of 44 mandibular and 33 maxillary implants along with 42 healthy control teeth taken before and 5 years after prosthodontic loading were included. Two regions-of-interest (ROI) were selected from mesial and distal surrounding bone of each implant and tooth.

The effect of education given to secondary school students on hand hygiene behaviors: a Quasi experimental study.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the effect of the hand hygiene education on middle school students' behavioral scores related to hand hygiene practices.

Design: The research adheres to a quasi-experimental design suitable for the pre-test Posttest model with a control group.

Methods: The population of the study consists of a total of 1159 students, comprising 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th graders.

Negative feedback control of hypothalamic feeding circuits by the taste of food.

The rewarding taste of food is critical for motivating animals to eat, but whether taste has a parallel function in promoting meal termination is not well understood. Here, we show that hunger-promoting agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are rapidly inhibited during each bout of ingestion by a signal linked to the taste of food. Blocking these transient dips in activity via closed-loop optogenetic stimulation increases food intake by selectively delaying the onset of satiety.

The Impact of Parent-Based Support Programs on Neurodevelopmental Prognosis: Second-Year Results from a Newly Established Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Unit in a Tertiary Hospital.

This study aims to assess the neurodevelopmental progress of high-risk infants 2 years post implementation of the Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Unit (NFU) program at our hospital and explore implementation challenges for insights. Infants were assessed using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). A multidisciplinary team provided comprehensive parent education covering neurologic cues, postural advice, and developmental instructions in accordance with the children's assessment findings.

Evaluation of seizure semiology, genetics, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalogram findings in children with Rett syndrome: A multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate seizure semiology, electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic findings, as well as treatment choices in Rett syndrome (RTT).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on one hundred and twenty cases diagnosed with RTT with a genetic mutation. Data were obtained from nine participating centers.

Investigating the diagnostic potential of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with different periodontal conditions.

Background: The study aimed to analyze cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ, to investigate the link between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in periodontal conditions and assess their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing between different types of periodontal conditions.

Methods: 80 systemically healthy non-smokers (25 periodontally healthy, 25 with gingivitis, 30 with periodontitis) were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained.

Optic neuritis in Turkish children and adolescents: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Various etiologies may underlie optic neuritis, including autoantibody-mediated disorders described in the last decade. We re-examined demographic, clinical, laboratory features and prognostic factors in pediatric patients with autoimmune optic neuritis according to current knowledge.

Methods: Cases of pediatric ON from 27 centers in Türkiye diagnosed between 2009 and 2022 were included for retrospective evaluation.

Negative feedback control of hunger circuits by the taste of food.

The rewarding taste of food is critical for motivating animals to eat, but whether taste has a parallel function in promoting meal termination is not well understood. Here we show that hunger-promoting AgRP neurons are rapidly inhibited during each bout of ingestion by a signal linked to the taste of food. Blocking these transient dips in activity via closed-loop optogenetic stimulation increases food intake by selectively delaying the onset of satiety.

Sequential appetite suppression by oral and visceral feedback to the brainstem.

The termination of a meal is controlled by dedicated neural circuits in the caudal brainstem. A key challenge is to understand how these circuits transform the sensory signals generated during feeding into dynamic control of behaviour. The caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) is the first site in the brain where many meal-related signals are sensed and integrated, but how the cNTS processes ingestive feedback during behaviour is unknown.

Role of serostatus in pediatric neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A nationwide multicentric study.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are immune-mediated inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly presenting as optic neuritis and acute myelitis. NMOSD can be associated with seropositivity for aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4 IgG), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG IgG), or can be seronegative for both. In this study, we retrospectively examined our seropositive and seronegative pediatric NMOSD patients.

Neural dynamics underlying associative learning in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.

Animals associate cues with outcomes and update these associations as new information is presented. This requires the hippocampus, yet how hippocampal neurons track changes in cue-outcome associations remains unclear. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we tracked the same dCA1 and vCA1 neurons across days to determine how responses evolve across phases of odor-outcome learning.

Postnatal surgery for myelomeningocele in neonates: neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Background: The study aims to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates with myelomeningocele (MMC) operated in the postnatal period.

Methods: This is a prospective follow-up study in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of term neonates operated for MMC and healthy term newborns were compared with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development -Third Edition (BSID III) at 12-18 months.

Rarely seen bilateral posterior shoulder fracture dislocation: Simultaneous bilateral hemiarthroplasty.

Posterior shoulder dislocation is a rare condition, while bilateral posterior shoulder fracture is extremely rare. Dislocations with a fracture of the bilateral posterior shoulder are observed more often after epileptic seizures. As dislocations with posterior shoulder fracture are rare, clinicians sometimes experience difficulty in diagnosing it timely.

The effectiveness and tolerability of clobazam in the pediatric population: Adjunctive therapy and monotherapy in a large-cohort multicenter study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of clobazam therapy in the pediatric population in terms of seizure semiology, epileptic syndromes, and etiological subgroups.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted consisting of 1710 epileptic children from eight centers in seven geographic regions of Turkey. The initial efficacy of clobazam therapy was evaluated after three months of treatment.

A female case of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase deficiency with novel neuro-imaging abnormalities.

Background: Folate metabolism disorders can affect various organ systems, including the nervous system. 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase deficiency is a rare cerebral folate deficiency in which MTHFS activity is disrupted with low-normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate levels, while peripheral folate levels are normal.

Case Report: We present here a female patient with developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, nystagmus, and seizure in which a distinct brain MRI and CT showed restricted diffusion in the bilateral parietal and occipital lobes, and calcifications of the bilateral putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate nucleus, and the bilateral parietal and occipital lobes.

Nail Mineral Composition Changes Do Not Reflect Bone Mineral Changes Caused by Boron Supplementation.

Nails have been found to be a non-invasive and readily available tissue whose mineral content can change because of a change in dietary mineral intake. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine whether boron (B) supplementation would change the concentrations of some mineral elements in nails and whether these changes correlated with changes induced in bone. Female New Zealand White rabbits (aged 8 months, 2-2.

Evaluation of micronutrient levels in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Many studies evaluating the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) have focused on energy requirements and protein intake. The present work aimed to assess nutritional status and micronutrient levels of children with (CP).

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in 10 different cities in Turkey.

Radiological and functional outcomes of modified Metaizeau technique in displaced radial neck fractures.

The management of displaced radial neck fractures in children is still a controversial topic. The objective of this study is to examine the outcomes of modified Metaizeau technique in the children with displaced radius neck fractures. The retrospective study included 15 children with displaced radial neck fracture with an angulation of more than 30° who were managed with the use of leverage technique by mosquito clamps and internal fixation with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN).

Clinical profile and long-term outcome of the first seizures in children.

Background: Seizures are one of the most common causes of pediatric admissions to hospitals in children. This study aims to identify the clinical profile and outcome of first seizures in children.

Methods: Children who presented to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic and pediatric emergency service with a first-time seizure and aged one month through 18 years old were enrolled to the study.

Borate and boric acid supplementation of drinking water alters teeth and bone mineral density and composition differently in rabbits fed a high protein and energy diet.

The reported beneficial effects of boron on mineralized tissues in animals and humans vary. Thus, a study was performed to assess whether the variability was the result of different forms of boron supplementation, method of supplementation, and increased adiposity of the rabbit experimental model. Thirty-one female New Zealand White rabbits, (aged 8 months, 2-2.