Goal-oriented practices in youth mental health and wellbeing settings: A scoping review and thematic analysis of empirical evidence.

Introduction: Goal-oriented practices involve practitioners working collaboratively with clients to identify, develop and focus on objectives for the therapeutic work. It has been suggested that the key mechanism underpinning goal-oriented practices with young people is the development of epistemic trust via the foundation of open communication, along with shared decision-making: including young people in decisions about their care. However, goal-oriented work in practice is variable in scope and content, with no research consensus on what it entails, the mechanisms of change and reported outcomes.

Working with Goals and Trauma in Youth Mental Health.

There is good evidence of the value of working with goals in youth mental health services and settings. As such, goal-oriented practice is seen as a core component of good mental health interventions. Yet, there is debate among clinicians and academics about whether working with goals is a valid approach with clients who have experienced trauma.

Goal-based measurement in paediatric settings: implications for practice.

There is an observed link between physical illness and mental health difficulties and an increased likelihood of mental health difficulties in young people with chronic health conditions. The main outcome focus in paediatric settings is on physical health outcomes and functioning. In terms of functioning, the focus is on quality of life, measures of emotional well-being and perceptions of personal change, which are likely to be multifaceted and vary between patients.

A Mixed-Methods Realist Evaluation of the Implementation and Impact of Community Forensic CAMHS to Manage Risk for Young People With Forensic and Mental Health Needs: Study Protocol.

Young people in contact with forensic child and adolescent mental health services present with more complex needs than young people in the general population. Recent policy has led to the implementation of new workstreams and programmes to improve service provision for this cohort. This paper aims to present the protocol for a national study examining the impact and implementation of Community Forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (F:CAMHS).

Notes from the youth mental health field: Using movement towards goals as a potential indicator of service change and quality improvement.

The aim of this paper is to report our notes from the field on using movement toward goals at an aggregate level as an inference of service effectiveness. Analysis of routinely collected data from UK youth mental health services was conducted (N = 8,172, age M = 13.8, 67% female, 32% male) to explore the impact of including goal-based outcome data in combined calculations of standardized measures based on the principles of reliable change ("measurable change").

Strategies not accompanied by a mental health professional to address anxiety and depression in children and young people: a scoping review of range and a systematic review of effectiveness.

This Review reports on a scoping review followed by a systematic review to consider interventions designed to address or manage depression or anxiety in children and young people up to the age of 25 years without the need to involve mental health professionals. The scoping review identified 132 approaches, 103 of which referred to children or young people (younger than 25 years). These approaches included social interaction, engagement with nature, relaxation, distraction, sensory stimulation, physical activity, altering perceptions, engaging in hobbies, self-expression, and exploration.

Using patient-reported outcome measures to improve service effectiveness for supervisors: a mixed-methods evaluation of supervisors' attitudes and self-efficacy after training to use outcome measures in child mental health.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are recommended by healthcare systems internationally, but there are a number of barriers to implementation. The aim of this research was to examine the impact of training supervisors in using PROMs on clinical practice, given the importance of leadership when changing behaviour.

Method: Data included pre-post questionnaires from 42 supervisors, interviews after training with six supervisees and nonparticipant observations of nine video-recorded supervision sessions.

Goal formulation and tracking in child mental health settings: when is it more likely and is it associated with satisfaction with care?

Goal formulation and tracking may support preference-based care. Little is known about the likelihood of goal formulation and tracking and associations with care satisfaction. Logistic and Poisson stepwise regressions were performed on clinical data for N = 3757 children from 32 services in the UK (M  = 11; SD = 3.

Measuring what matters to patients: Using goal content to inform measure choice and development.

Introduction: Personalised care requires personalised outcomes and ways of feeding back clinically useful information to clinicians and practitioners, but it is not clear how to best personalise outcome measurement and feedback using existing standardised outcome measures.

Method: The constant comparison method of grounded theory was used to compare goal themes derived from goals set at the outset of therapy for 180 children aged between 4 and 17 years, visiting eight child and adolescent mental health services, to existing standardised outcome measures used as part of common national datasets.

Results: In all, 20 out of 27 goal themes corresponded to items on at least one commonly used outcome measure.

Analysing and reporting UK CAMHS outcomes: an application of funnel plots.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes measures are increasingly being used in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). League tables are a common way of comparing organizations across health and education but have limitations that are not well known in CAMHS.

Method: Parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) outcomes data from 15,771 episodes of care across 51 UK CAMHS were analysed using funnel plots, an alternative to league tables.

Interpreting standardized and idiographic outcome measures in CAMHS: what does change mean and how does it relate to functioning and experience?

Background: Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). The aim of this research was to explore change in standardized and idiographic outcome measures in CAMHS using naturalistic, routinely collected data.

Method: We explored change in psychosocial difficulties and impact on daily life as evaluated by a broad standardized measure, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Goodman, 1997, J.

Horses for courses? A qualitative exploration of goals formulated in mental health settings by young people, parents, and clinicians.

Introduction: This research sought to explore and categorise goals set by children and young people, parents/caregivers and jointly by a combination of children/young people, parents/caregivers and/or clinicians within mental health settings across the United Kingdom.

Method: Using a dataset of 441 goals formed at the outset of 180 treatment episodes (2007-2010) from UK child mental health services using the Goal-Based Outcomes tool, a grounded theory approach was taken, which built on previous research into child-rated goals to develop frameworks for parent and joint goal data which were then compared with the child goal data.

Results: A total of 19 subthemes and four overarching themes were identified for parent goals.

A qualitative analysis of implementing shared decision making in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the United Kingdom: Stages and facilitators.

Objectives: To explore the implementation of shared decision making (SDM) in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), and identify clinician-determined facilitators to SDM.

Methods: Professionals from four UK CAMHS tried a range of tools to support SDM. They reflected on their experiences using plan-do-study-act log books.

Patient-reported outcomes in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): use of idiographic and standardized measures.

Background: There is increasing emphasis on use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in mental health but little research on the best approach, especially where there are multiple perspectives.

Aims: To present emerging findings from both standardized and idiographic child-, parent- and clinician-rated outcomes in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and consider their correlations.

Method: Outcomes were collected in CAMHS across the UK.