Earth observation and geospatial data can predict the relative distribution of village level poverty in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India.

There is increasing interest in leveraging Earth Observation (EO) and geospatial data to predict and map aspects of socioeconomic conditions to support survey and census activities. This is particularly relevant for the frequent monitoring required to assess progress towards the UNs' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR) is a region of international ecological importance, containing the Indian portion of the world's largest mangrove forest.

Small Water Bodies in Great Britain and Ireland: Ecosystem function, human-generated degradation, and options for restorative action.

Small, 1st and 2nd-order, headwater streams and ponds play essential roles in providing natural flood control, trapping sediments and contaminants, retaining nutrients, and maintaining biological diversity, which extend into downstream reaches, lakes and estuaries. However, the large geographic extent and high connectivity of these small water bodies with the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem makes them particularly vulnerable to growing land-use pressures and environmental change. The greatest pressure on the physical processes in these waters has been their extension and modification for agricultural and forestry drainage, resulting in highly modified discharge and temperature regimes that have implications for flood and drought control further downstream.

Is shrimp farming a successful adaptation to salinity intrusion? A geospatial associative analysis of poverty in the populous Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta of Bangladesh.

The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta of Bangladesh is one of the most populous deltas in the world, supporting as many as 140 million people. The delta is threatened by diverse environmental stressors including salinity intrusion, with adverse consequences for livelihood and health. Shrimp farming is recognised as one of the few economic adaptations to the impacts of the rapidly salinizing delta.

Towards 2011 output geographies: exploring the need for, and challenges involved in, maintenance of the 2001 output geographies.

This article describes and presents early results from the ESRC-funded Census 2011Geog project, which aims to develop and evaluate automated procedures to maintain (split, merge or re-design) the 2001 Census output geographies in order to create the 2011 output geographies for England and Wales. The article explores population change at the small area level between 2001 and 2005-06, and considers the extent to which the 2001 Census output geographies are likely to be appropriate for the release of 2011 Census data. It concludes that the vast majority of output geography areas are unlikely to have breached population thresholds by 2011, but that a small proportion of areas will require maintenance.

The use of a GIS-based inventory to provide a national assessment of standing waters at risk from eutrophication in Great Britain.

A three-tiered, hierarchical, risk-based prioritisation system was developed to assess the number of standing waters in Great Britain (GB) at risk from eutrophication. The scheme is based on four properties: importance, hazard, sensitivity to enrichment and sensitivity to recovery. Lake size, conservation status and legislative requirements were used to assess importance.

The relative contribution of sewage and diffuse phosphorus sources in the River Avon catchment, southern England: implications for nutrient management.

In order to effectively manage nutrient river load reductions and target remediation strategies, it is important to determine the relative contributions of diffuse and point sources across the river catchment. This study used a geographical information system (GIS) to apply phosphorus (P) export coefficients (obtained from the literature) to 58 water quality monitoring sites across a large, urbanised, mixed land use catchment, typical of southern lowland England (the River Avon, Warwickshire, UK). These coefficients were used to estimate the annual P load at each monitoring site, and also the relative contribution of point source (from sewage treatment works (STW)) and diffuse input (from both livestock and agricultural land use).