Evaluation of several routine methods for fosfomycin and mecillinam susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales urine isolates.

Objectives: Performance evaluation of routine laboratory methods to determine the susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates to fosfomycin (oral administration) and mecillinam.

Methods: We collected 347 Enterobacterales isolates from monomicrobial midstream urine samples from women with significant bacteriuria and leukocyturia. Mostly non-Escherichia coli isolates (i.

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from blood cultures, Europe, 2022 (ReSuBacfrag).

Objectives: Bacteroides fragilis is the most frequent cause of anaerobic bacteraemia. Although recent data suggest a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of this and other anaerobic bacteria, surveillance remains limited due to a lack of both data availability and comparability. However, a newly introduced standardised method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of anaerobic bacteria has made larger scale surveillance possible for the first time.

Spatial spread of infectious diseases with conditional vector preferences.

We explore the spatial spread of vector-borne infections with conditional vector preferences, meaning that vectors do not visit hosts at random. Vectors may be differentially attracted toward infected and uninfected hosts depending on whether they carry the pathogen or not. The model is expressed as a system of partial differential equations with vector diffusion.

Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.

The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) are a global public health issue. This problem also concerns urinary tract infections (UTI), which are the second most frequent infections after respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to determine MDR-E frequency and to characterize MDR-E isolates from patients with community-acquired UTIs in Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.

Acquisition of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: epidemiology and risk factors in a 6-year cohort of 507 severe trauma patients.

Objectives: Severe trauma patients are at higher risk of infection and often exposed to antibiotics, which could favor acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we aimed to assess prevalence, acquisition, and factors associated with acquisition of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (ESCR-GNB) in severe trauma patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric cohort study in a French level one Regional Trauma Centre between 01 January 2010and 31 December 2015.

Amikacin Liposomal Inhalation Suspension in the Treatment of Lung Infection: A French Observational Experience.

Background: infections remain difficult to manage in both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients and reported clinical outcomes are largely unsatisfactory. Clinical trial data are limited and no approved therapies are currently available for the management of lung diseases. As an alternative, cohort studies may provide insightful information into the management of pulmonary disease.

Robust control strategy by the Sterile Insect Technique for reducing epidemiological risk in presence of vector migration.

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a promising technique to control mosquitoes, vectors of diseases, like dengue, chikungunya or Zika. However, its application in the field is not easy, and its success hinges upon several constraints, one of them being that the treated area must be sufficiently isolated to limit migration or re-invasion by mosquitoes from the outside. In this manuscript we study the impact of males and (fertile) females migration on SIT.

Case Report: Persistency Pneumococcal Polysaccharide in Cerebrospinal Fluid During a Post Pneumococcal Chronic Aseptic Meningitis: Coincidental or (Auto-)Inflammatory Embers.

We report the case of a 9-months-old boy that has presented a steroid-dependent post-pneumococcal chronic aseptic meningitis was associated with persistence of pneumococcal cell wall components in cerebrospinal fluid during more than 20 months. Suggesting that this antigenic persistence could be involved in post-infectious manifestations through innate immunity response.

Sterile insect technique with accidental releases of sterile females. Impact on mosquito-borne diseases control when viruses are circulating.

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a technique to control some vectors of diseases by releasing sterile males. However, during these releases, sterilized females can be (accidentally) released and since only females are vectors of diseases, it is important to study their impact when arthropod viruses are circulating. To that aim, we develop and study an entomological-epidemiological model, considering either permanent or periodic releases.

Epidemiology and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals and the environment in West and Central Africa.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are widespread. Here we used the 'One Health' approach to determine knowledge gaps on ESBL-E and CPE in West and Central Africa. We searched all articles on ESBL-E and CPE in these African regions published in PubMed, African Journals Online and Google Scholar from 2000 onwards.

Enterobacter cloacae colonisation and infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: retrospective investigation of preventive measures implemented after a multiclonal outbreak.

Background: Enterobacter cloacae species is responsible for nosocomial outbreaks in vulnerable patients in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The environment can constitute the reservoir and source of infection in NICUs. Herein we report the impact of preventive measures implemented after an Enterobacter cloacae outbreak inside a NICU.

Correction: Mbehang Nguema, P.P., et al. Characterization of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteria from Fruit Bats in an Unprotected Area of Makokou, Gabon. Microorganisms 2020, , 138.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

On Nonlinear Pest/Vector Control via the Sterile Insect Technique: Impact of Residual Fertility.

We consider a minimalist model for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), assuming that residual fertility can occur in the sterile male population. Taking into account that we are able to get regular measurements from the biological system along the control duration, such as the size of the wild insect population, we study different control strategies that involve either continuous or periodic impulsive releases. We show that a combination of open-loop control with constant large releases and closed-loop nonlinear control, i.

Transfer of Epitaxial SrTiO Nanothick Layers Using Water-Soluble Sacrificial Perovskite Oxides.

The integration of functional thin film materials with adaptable properties is essential for the development of new paradigms in information technology. Among them, complex oxides with perovskite structures have huge potential based on the particularly vast diversity of physical properties. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of transferring perovskite oxide materials like SrTiO onto a silicon substrate using an environmentally friendly process at the nanoscale by means of a water-soluble perovskite sacrificial layer, SrVO.

Characterization of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteria from Fruit Bats in an Unprotected Area of Makokou, Gabon.

In Gabon, terrestrial mammals of protected areas have been identified as a possible source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Some studies on antibiotic resistance in bats have already been carried out. The main goal of our study was to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) that are produced by enterobacteria from bats in the Makokou region in Gabon.

Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing in hospital and community settings in Chad.

Background: Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) remains poorly documented in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE fecal carriage in Chad.

Methods: In total, 200 fresh stool samples were collected from 100 healthy community volunteers and 100 hospitalized patients from January to March 2017.

Sources and reservoirs of NRCS-A inside a NICU.

Background: The methicillin-resistant clone NRCS-A, involved in sepsis in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide, is able to persist and spread in NICUs, suggesting the presence of reservoirs inside each setting. The purpose of the present study was to identify these reservoirs and to investigate the cycle of transmission of NRCS-A in one NICU.

Methods: In a single institution study, NRCS-A was sought in 106 consecutive vaginal samples of pregnant women to identify a potential source of NRCS-A importation into the NICU.

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of anaerobic bacteria, isolated from human clinical specimens, within different European and surrounding countries. A joint ESGAI study.

Objectives: Studies on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of anaerobic bacteria are underrepresented in the literature. Within this study we aim to give an extensive overview of the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles between different European and surrounding countries.

Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data of different antibiotics were collected from 10 participating laboratories, representing an equal number of countries.

Spread of NDM-5 and OXA-181 Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli in Chad.

We detected for the first time and in isolates from hospitalized patients and healthy volunteers in Chad. These resistance genes were located on IncX3 and IncF plasmids. Despite the large diversity of clones, the identified resistant intestinal isolates belonged mainly to the same sequence type.

FORTE - a multipurpose high-vacuum diffractometer for tender X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy at the SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL.

A new high-vacuum multipurpose diffractometer (called FORTE from the French acronyms of the project) has recently been installed at the tender/hard X-ray SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL, France. The geometry chosen allows one to work either in the classical Eulerian four-circle geometry for bulk X-ray diffraction (XRD) or in the z-axis geometry for surface XRD. The diffractometer nicely fits the characteristics of the SIRIUS beamline, optimized to work in the 1.