The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting: 22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

Effectiveness and safety of Shenfu injection in septic patients with hypoperfusion: A multi-center, open-label, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Shenfu injection (SFI) combined with standard bundle treatment in septic patients with hypoperfusion.

Method: This study was a multi-center, randomized, open-label, controlled trial conducted in four teaching hospitals in China. The septic patients with hypoperfusion and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome with Yang-Qi deficiency were enrolled from January 2019, through September 2020.

Development and external validation of a nomogram for the early prediction of acute kidney injury in septic patients: a multicenter retrospective clinical study.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common serious complication in sepsis patients with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for sepsis associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). In our study, we retrospectively constructed a development cohort comprising 733 septic patients admitted to eight Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai from January 2021 to October 2022.

Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofol Sedation in ICU Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness and safety of ciprofol for sedating patients in ICUs who required mechanical ventilation (MV).

Design: A multicenter, single-blind, randomized, noninferiority trial.

Setting: Twenty-one centers across China from December 2020 to June 2021.

New mechanism for mesenchymal stem cell microvesicle to restore lung permeability: intracellular S1P signaling pathway independent of S1P receptor-1.

Background: Microvesicles (MVs) derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) were demonstrated to restore lung protein permeability and attenuate acute lung injury. In our previous study, we found that MSC MV increased sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) kinase1 mRNA levels in injured human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) significantly. However, the role of S1P signaling in MSC MV to restore lung protein permeability is unknown.

Feasibility and discriminatory value of tissue motion annular displacement in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: a single-center retrospective observational study.

Background: There is no formal diagnostic criterion for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM), but left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% was the most commonly used standard. Tissue motion annular displacement (TMAD) is a novel speckle tracking indicator to quickly assess LV longitudinal systolic function. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and discriminatory value of TMAD for predicting SICM, as well as prognostic value of TMAD for mortality.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Versus Traditional Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infection in Liver Transplantation.

Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as an effective method for the noninvasive and precise detection of infectious pathogens. However, data are lacking on whether mNGS analyses could be used for the diagnosis and treatment of infection during the perioperative period in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT).

Methods: From February 2018 to October 2018, we conducted an exploratory study using mNGS and traditional laboratory methods (TMs), including culture, serologic assays, and nucleic acid testing, for pathogen detection in 42 pairs of cadaveric liver donors and their corresponding recipients.

Preliminary Study on the Combination Effect of Clindamycin and Low Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole on Severe Pneumonia After Renal Transplantation.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of the combination of clindamycin with low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) regimen on sever pneumonia (PCP) after renal transplantation.

Method: 20 severe PCP patients after renal transplantation were included in this historical-control, retrospective study. A 10 patients were treated with the standard dose of TMP/SMX (T group), the other 10 patients were treated with the combination of clindamycin and low dose TMP/SMX (CT group).

Comparative study of high flow nasal catheter device and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for sequential treatment in sepsis patients after weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit.

Background: The hypoxemia condition after mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning is not rare among sepsis patients, so we compared the efficacy in two different intervention groups: high-flow nasal cannula device group and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) group.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Participants were patients with sepsis receiving high-flow nasal catheter (HFNC) device or NPPV within 24 hours after weaning from MV.

The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Sepsis in Critically Ill Patients in China: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Sepsis is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The epidemiology of sepsis in high-income countries is well-known, but information on sepsis in middle- or low-income countries is still deficient, especially in China. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of sepsis in critically ill patients in tertiary hospitals in China.

PCR coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for microbiological diagnosis and surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Etiological diagnosis is essential for anti-infective therapy in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of sequential PCR coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) tests as a rapid diagnostic technique for patients with VAP. A total of 12 patients diagnosed with VAP were enrolled at the intensive care unit in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.

Hemodynamic monitoring in patients with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is an effective mechanical circulatory support modality that rapidly restores systemic perfusion for circulatory failure in patients. Given the huge increase in VA-ECMO use, its optimal management depends on continuous and discrete hemodynamic monitoring. This article provides an overview of VA-ECMO pathophysiology, and the current state of the art in hemodynamic monitoring in patients with VA-ECMO.

Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Attenuates Sepsis-induced Microvascular Leakage via Inhibiting Macrophage NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Mice.

Background: Sepsis is the overwhelming inflammatory response to infection, in which nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role. Shingosine-1-phosphate is reported to evoke NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is the major kinase that catalyzes bioactive lipid shingosine-1-phosphate formation and its role in sepsis remains uncertain.

Neuroprotective Effect of the Inhibitor Salubrinal after Cardiac Arrest in a Rodent Model.

Cardiac arrest (CA) yields poor neurological outcomes. Salubrinal (Sal), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in both in vivo and in vitro brain injury models. This study investigated the neuroprotective mechanisms of Sal in postresuscitation brain damage in a rodent model of CA.

Preemptive renal replacement therapy in post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock patients: a historically controlled cohort study.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the preemptive renal replacement therapy (RRT) might improve outcomes in post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) patients.

Methods: In Period A (September 2014-April 2016), patients with PCCS received RRT, depending on conventional indications or bedside attendings. In Period B (May 2016-November 2017), the preemptive RRT strategy was implemented in all PCCS patients in our intensive care unit.

Changes in Stroke Volume Variation Induced by Passive Leg Raising to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Cardiac Surgical Patients With Protective Ventilation.

Objectives: Stroke volume variation (SVV) has been used to predict fluid responsiveness. The authors hypothesized the changes in SVV induced by passive leg raising (PLR) might be an indicator of fluid responsiveness in patients with protective ventilation after cardiac surgery.

Design: A prospective single-center observational study.

Inflammatory biomarkers to predict adverse outcomes in postoperative patients with acute type A aortic dissection.

. The present study aimed to evaluate prognostic value of inflammatory markers for in-hospital mortality and renal complication in patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). .

Hydrogen gas protects against delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning in a rat model.

: The protective effects of 2%-4% hydrogen gas in delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) have been previously reported. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of high concentration hydrogen (HCH) on DEACMP.: A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups.

Ulinastatin ameliorates LPS‑induced pulmonary inflammation and injury by blocking the MAPK/NF‑κB signaling pathways in rats.

Ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) is commonly used to treat patients with acute inflammatory disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of its anti‑inflammatory effect in acute lung injury (ALI) are not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of UTI and explore its potential mechanisms by using a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced ALI.

M2 macrophages promote pulmonary endothelial cells regeneration in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Macrophages can polarize to M2 phenotype to decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair. Nonetheless, its role in sepsis-induced acute lung injury and its effect on endothelial cells (ECs) regeneration remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to explore the impact of M2 macrophages on pulmonary ECs proliferation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Reliability of three-dimensional color flow Doppler and two-dimensional pulse wave Doppler transthoracic echocardiography for estimating cardiac output after cardiac surgery.

Background: Three-dimensional color flow Doppler (3DCF) is a new convenient technique for cardiac output (CO) measurement. However, to date, no one has evaluated the accuracy of 3DCF echocardiography for CO measurement after cardiac surgery. Therefore, this single-center, prospective study was designed to evaluate the reliability of three-dimensional color flow and two-dimensional pulse wave Doppler (2D-PWD) transthoracic echocardiography for estimating cardiac output after cardiac surgery.

The 24-Hour Intensivists Staffing Model Improves the Outcome for Nighttime Admitted Patients: A Matched Historical Control Study.

Introduction: We previously showed that a "10-hour daytime on-site" and "nighttime (NT) on-call" staffing strategy was associated with higher mortality for intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted during NT than it was for patients admitted during office hours (OH). In here, we evaluated the clinical effects of a 24-hour intensivist staffing model.

Methods: We formed an intervention group of 3034 consecutive ICU patients hospitalized from January 2013 to December 2015, and a control group of 2891 patients from our previous study (2009-2011).

Integrated Endotoxin Adsorption and Antibacterial Properties of Cationic Polyurethane Foams for Wound Healing.

Gram-negative bacteria, containing toxic proinflammatory and pyrogenic substances [endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], can lead to infection and associated serious diseases, such as sepsis and septic shock. Development of antimicrobial materials with intrinsically endotoxin adsorption activity can prevent the release of bacterial toxic components while killing bacteria. Herein, a series of imidazolium-type polyurethane (PU) foams with antimicrobial properties were synthesized.