Faculty Training on Navigating Gender and Sex in Medical Education.

Introduction: Language that assumes gender and sex are binary and aligned is pervasive in medicine and is often used when teaching on physiology and pathology. Information presented through this lens oversimplifies disease mechanisms and poorly addresses the health of gender and sexually diverse (GSD) individuals. We developed a training session to help faculty reference gender and sex in a manner that would be accurate and inclusive of GSD health.

Post-acute day and night non-invasive respiratory intervention use and outcome: A brief report.

Objective: This study aimed to describe daytime and nighttime use and outcome of non-invasive respiratory intervention (NIRI) for infants born prematurely and for children with medical complexity (CMC) during a post-acute care hospital (PACH) admission.

Methods: Thirty-eight initial PACH admissions (October 2018 through September 2020) for premature infants (< 1 year; n = 19) and CMC (> 1 year; n = 19) requiring NIRI during the day and/or at night were retrospectively examined. Measures included: 1) daytime and nighttime NIRI use by type (supplemental oxygen therapy via low-flow nasal cannula or positive airway pressure [PAP] via high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, or biphasic positive airway pressure at admission and discharge) and 2) daytime and nighttime NIRI outcome-reduction, increase, or no change from admission to discharge.

The Head Control Scale: Responsiveness and Concurrent Validity With the Alberta Infant Motor Scale.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Head Control Scale's (HCS's) responsiveness and concurrent validity with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS).

Methods: The HCS and the AIMS were administered to 50 infants and young children. Thirty children were reevaluated at hospital discharge or at 18 months of age.

National survey of health services provided by pediatric post-acute care facilities in the US.

Purpose: The need for pediatric post-acute facility care (PAC) is growing due to technological advances that extend the lives of many children, especially those with complex medical needs. The objectives were to describe [1] the types and settings of PAC; [2] the clinical characteristics of the pediatric patients requiring PAC; and [3] perceptions of PAC care delivery by clinical staff.

Methods: An online survey was administered between 6/2018 to 12/2018 to administrative leaders in PAC facilities that have licensed beds for children and who were active members of the Pediatric Complex Care Association.

Development of a Model Care Pathway for Myasthenia Gravis.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic, life-lasting condition that requires high coordination among different professionals and disciplines. The diagnosis of MG is often delayed and sometimes misdiagnosed. The goal of the care pathway (CP) is to add value to healthcare reducing unnecessary variations.

Inter- and Intra-rater Reliability of the Head Control Scale: Brief Report.

Purpose: To examine inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the Head Control Scale (HCS).

Methods: Introduction of the HCS to eight physical therapists in a pediatric post-acute hospital was followed by use in a repeated-measures design across two trials to establish reliability of the raters. Therapists scored the HCS twice within 4 weeks, using videos of infants at both 2 and 6 months of age, one infant described as typically developing and one with atypical development.

Detecting Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Children With Long-term Mechanical Ventilation.

Long-term mechanical ventilation (MV) is defined as the use of MV for more than 6 hours per day for at least 3 weeks. Children requiring long-term MV include those with neuromuscular disease, central dysregulation, or lung dysfunction. Such children with medical complexity may be at risk for ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction.

Children dependent on respiratory support: A 10-year review from one pediatric postacute care hospital.

Objective: Pediatric postacute care hospitals (PACH) provide long-term care for children with medical complexity including children dependent on respiratory support. Descriptions of PACH respiratory care populations and outcomes, however, remain under-reported. Our aim was to describe demographics, respiratory outcome, and longitudinal trend of children with respiratory support admitted to a single PACH in the United States.

Scoping Review of Judgment-Based Measures of Ambulation with Assistive Devices for Children and Youth.

Aim: To identify available judgment-based measures of ambulation with assistive devices for the purpose of examining item content and responses to aid in the expansion of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) Mobility Domain.

Methods: PubMed and CINAHL databases were used to identify measures meeting the following criteria: 1) applicable for children/youth; 2) self-report, proxy-report, or interview administration; and 3) assistive device (walker, cane, crutches, gait trainer) use specified or considered with responses. Population, administration, respondent(s), items, and responses were compiled.

A content validity evaluation of the PEDI-CAT Speedy Mobility domain.

: To evaluate the content validity of the PEDI-CAT Speedy Mobility domain through analysis of item and content area exposure, score range and scoring precision.: Retrospective analysis of 3,364 items from assessments (n = 301) completed from 2013 to 2017. Content validity was appraised through analysis of item and content area exposure (item, content area, response frequency), score range (floor and ceiling effect) and scoring precision (person fit, score reliability, item information function).

MRI features of demyelinating disease associated with anti-MOG antibodies in adults.

The spectrum of Myelin Oligodendrocytes Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease constitutes a recently described challenging entity, referring to a relatively new spectrum of autoimmune disorders with antibodies against MOG predominantly involving the optic nerve and spinal cord. The purpose of this article is to describe MRI features of MOG-AD involvement in the optic nerves, spinal cord and the brain of adults.

What is the Relevance of the Systematic Use of Gadolinium During the MRI Follow-Up of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Under Natalizumab?

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients represent a population potentially affected by the intracerebral accumulation of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) due to repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed during their lifetime; however, MRI is still the best tool to monitor MS inflammatory activity.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relevance of GBCA injections during the MRI follow-up of MS patients under natalizumab (Tysabri) treatment.

Methods: The MRI data results were retrospectively reviewed in a monocentric study (University Hospital of Toulouse, France) from all consecutive patients treated with natalizumab from January 2014 to January 2017.

A Tablet-Based Interactive Movement Tool for Pediatric Rehabilitation: Development and Preliminary Usability Evaluation.

Background: Motivating interactive tools may increase adherence to repetitive practice for children with disabilities, but many virtual reality and active video gaming systems are too challenging for children with significant needs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and conduct a usability evaluation of the Fun, Interactive Therapy Board (FITBoard), a movement toy bridging digital and physical interactions for children with disabilities.

Methods: The FITBoard is a tablet app involving games controlled by hand, head, or foot touch of configurable, wired surfaces.

Unexpected high multiple sclerosis activity after switching from fingolimod to alemtuzumab.

Unexpected high disease activity (UHDA) after Fingolimod withdrawal has recently become a controversial concern for physicians. Here, we report the case of a patient with severe exacerbation of MS after switching from Fingolimod to Alemtuzumab treatment. This UHDA despite profound lymphopenia raised the question of the management of sequential use of biotherapies such as Fingolimod and Alemtuzumab in MS.

Involvement of the Cingulate Cortex in Anosognosia: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study in Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Background: Anosognosia is a frequent symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its neural substrates remain in question.

Objective: In this study, we combined neuroimaging with a neuropsychological evaluation to assess neural substrates of anosognosia.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 30 patients with probable early-stage AD and matched healthy controls.

Admissions to Acute Care Within 30 and 90 Days of Discharge Home From a Pediatric Post-acute Care Hospital.

Objectives: Of all hospitalized children, those with medical complexity have the highest likelihood of hospital readmission. Post-acute hospital care could potentially help stabilize the health of these children. We examined the frequency of acute care hospital admissions after discharge home from a post-acute care hospital (PACH).

Incident Cerebral Microbleeds Detected by Susceptibility Weight-Imaging Help to Identify Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Progressing to Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: The relationship between cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not yet been clearly determined, particularly with susceptibility weight-imaging (SWI).

Objective: To evaluate the SWI sequence using 3T MRI for the detection of CMB, and its ability to differentiate elderly control subjects (CS), stable mild cognitive impairment patients (MCI-s), MCI patients progressing to AD (MCI-p), and AD patients.

Methods: It was a prospective, monocentric, observational study that took place in Toulouse, France.

Use of Post-Acute Facility Care in Children Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Illness.

Background: Recovery from respiratory illness (RI), a common reason for hospitalization, can be protracted for some children because of high illness severity or underlying medical complexity.

Objective: We assessed which children hospitalized with RI are the most likely to use post-acute facility care (PAC) for recovery.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 609,800 hospitalizations for patients in 43 US children's hospitals between 2010- 2015 for RI, identified with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Classification System.

Physical Therapy Dosing: Frequency and Type of Intervention in Pediatric Postacute Hospital Care.

Purpose: To examine differences in physical therapy dosing frequency recommendations based on children's characteristics and to describe types of intervention recommended at postacute hospital admission.

Methods: Demographic and clinical information, recommended physical therapy intervention frequency, and intervention types were collected for all admissions from April 1, 2015, to March 1, 2016. Differences across 2 groups, children with recommendations for "less" (≤3x/wk) or "more" (≥4x/wk) frequent therapy, were examined.

Construct validity of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test (PEDI-CAT) in children with medical complexity.

Purpose: To assess construct (convergent and divergent) validity of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) in a sample of children with complex medical conditions.

Method: Demographics, clinical information, PEDI-CAT normative score, and the Post-Acute Acuity Rating for Children (PAARC) level were collected for all post-acute hospital admissions (n = 110) from 1 April 2015 to 1 March 2016. Correlations between the PEDI-CAT Daily Activities, Mobility, and Social/Cognitive domain scores for the total sample and across three age groups (infant, preschool, and school-age) were calculated.

Responsiveness of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test in measuring functional outcomes for inpatient pediatric rehabilitation.

Purpose: Responsiveness of the PEDI-CAT Mobility, Daily Activities, and Social/Cognitive domains and Wheelchair subdomain was evaluated for youth admitted to a pediatric post-acute care hospital.

Methods: Inpatients ages 2-21 years, with a length of stay of ≥ 5 days and with both admission and discharge scores were included. The difference between mean admission and discharge PEDI-CAT scaled scores were analyzed using paired t-tests.