Music Tempo: A Tool for Regulating Walking Cadence and Physical Activity Intensity in Overweight Adults?

This study investigated if music tempo can prompt a desired walking cadence, and if music can provide a stimulus to regulate physical activity intensity in a longitudinal physical activity intervention with free-living adults. Overweight adults ( = 37; 94.26 ± 17.

Lipoprotein subfraction oxidation in acute exercise and ageing.

Exercise and ageing can independently increase free radical production that may enhance the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and create a more atherogenic LDL particle. This investigation was designed to examine exercise and ageing on the susceptibility of LDL subfractions to oxidation. Eleven aged (55 ± 4 years) and twelve young (21 ± 2 years) participants completed a progressive exercise test to exhaustion and within one week performed a 1 h bout of moderate intensity (65% VO(2max)) exercise.

Exercise training protects the LDL I subfraction from oxidation susceptibility in an aged human population.

Background: Exercise training is considered an effective strategy to improve metabolic disease. Despite this, less is known regarding exercise training in the prevention and susceptibility of LDL subfraction oxidation, particularly in an aged population.

Methods: Eleven aged (55 ± 4 yrs) and twelve young (21 ± 2 yrs) participants were randomly separated into an experimental or control group as follows: young exercise (n = 6); young control (n = 6); aged exercise (n = 6) and aged control (n = 5).

A comparison of cardiac computerized tomography and exercise stress electrocardiogram test for the investigation of stable chest pain: the clinical results of the CAPP randomized prospective trial.

Aims: To determine the symptomatic and prognostic differences resulting from a novel diagnostic pathway based on cardiac computerized tomography (CT) compared with the traditional exercise stress electrocardiography test (EST) in stable chest pain patients.

Methods And Results: A prospective randomized controlled trial compared selected patient outcomes in EST and cardiac CT coronary angiography groups. Five hundred patients with troponin-negative stable chest pain and without known coronary artery disease were recruited.

A comparison of Diamond Forrester and coronary calcium scores as gatekeepers for investigations of stable chest pain.

To determine if calcium scores (CS) could act as a more effective gatekeeper than Diamond Forrester (DF) in the assessment of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). A sub-study of the Cardiac CT for the Assessment of Chest Pain and Plaque (CAPP) study, a randomised control trial evaluating the cost-effectiveness of cardiac CT in symptomatic patients with stable chest pain. Stable pain was defined as troponin negative pain without symptoms of unstable angina.

Exercise training and impaired glucose tolerance in obese humans.

Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at greater risk of developing diabetes than in normoglycaemia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 12-weeks exercise training in obese humans with IGT. Eleven participants (6 males and 5 females; 49±9 years; mean Body Mass Index (BMI) 32.

Effect of α-lipoic acid and exercise training on cardiovascular disease risk in obesity with impaired glucose tolerance.

Obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are more susceptible than healthy individuals to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. This randomised controlled investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that α-lipoic acid supplementation and exercise training may elicit favourable clinical changes in obese subjects with IGT. All data were collected from 24 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) IGT patients.

Effect of cinnamon on gastric emptying, arterial stiffness, postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and appetite responses to high-fat breakfast.

Background: Cinnamon has been shown to delay gastric emptying of a high-carbohydrate meal and reduce postprandial glycemia in healthy adults. However, it is dietary fat which is implicated in the etiology and is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the effect of 3 g cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on GE, postprandial lipemic and glycemic responses, oxidative stress, arterial stiffness, as well as appetite sensations and subsequent food intake following a high-fat meal.

The biochemical, physiological and psychological consequences of a "1,000 miles in 1,000 hours" walking challenge.

The combined effects of 42 days of chronic sleep disruption and repeated hourly bouts of physical exertion have not been described. This case study reports the physiological and psychological demands placed on one individual who walked 1 mile in each consecutive hour for a period of 1,000 h (42 days), covering a total distance of 1,000 miles. The participant walked at a mean speed of 1.

The impact of acute moderate intensity exercise on arterial regional stiffness, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in healthy males.

There is a paucity of research examining the influence of acute exercise on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute moderate aerobic exercise on PWV and oxidative stress in healthy males. Eight apparently healthy males (age 23.

Gastrointestinal transit, post-prandial lipaemia and satiety following 3 days high-fat diet in men.

Background/objectives: High-fat (HF) diets of 2 weeks have been shown to accelerate gastric emptying (GE). To date, no studies have shown any alteration in GE following shorter HF diets. The aim of this study was to assess if an HF, high-energy diet of 3 days can adapt gastrointestinal (GI) transit, blood lipids and satiety.

Acute exercise and impaired glucose tolerance in obese humans.

Background: Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have a greater risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with those with normal glycemic control. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise on glycemia, regional arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress in obese subjects with IGT.

Design: Twelve obese subjects (7 men and 5 women; 48.

The effects of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage 15 minutes prior to high-intensity exercise performance.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ingesting a commercially available carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) solution on strenuous exercise performance. Ten apparently healthy male volunteers (Mean +/- SD; age 20 +/- 2 yrs; height 178 +/- 7 cm; body mass 77 +/- 10 kg; estimated VO(2 max) 56 +/- 3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) completed three experimental trials in random order separated by a minimum of 7 days. For each trial, subjects consumed (8 ml x kg(-1) body mass) either a CHO-E solution (6% carbohydrate, 50 mg Na/500 ml), a non-CHO-E placebo, or no fluid, 15 minutes prior to exercise.

Exercise and postprandial lipaemia: effects on peripheral vascular function, oxidative stress and gastrointestinal transit.

Postprandial lipaemia may lead to an increase in oxidative stress, inducing endothelial dysfunction. Exercise can slow gastric emptying rates, moderating postprandial lipaemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if moderate exercise, prior to fat ingestion, influences gastrointestinal transit, lipaemia, oxidative stress and arterial wall function.

Acute effects of walking on inflammatory and cardiovascular risk in sedentary post-menopausal women.

Biochemical markers of inflammation are emerging as new predictors of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may alter acutely with exercise. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of walking on these markers or whether different walking intensities elicit varied effects. As there is growing interest in modifiable lifestyle factors such as walking to reduce CVD risk, these inflammatory responses warrant investigation.

The effect of acute aerobic exercise on pulse wave velocity and oxidative stress following postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in healthy men.

Oxidative stress is postulated to be responsible for the postprandial impairments in vascular function. The purpose of this study was to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV) and markers of postprandial oxidative stress before and after an acute bout of moderate exercise. Ten trained male subjects (age 21.

The effect of serum creatinine method choice on estimated glomerular filtration rate determined by the abbreviated MDRD formula.

Background: The aim of this study was to measure the variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by laboratories in Northern Ireland where creatinine assays other than the Beckman CX3 assay used to derive the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) are utilized.

Methods: Fifty patient samples were analysed for serum creatinine by kinetic Jaffe assays on the Roche modular P-800 (compensated assay), the Beckman LX20 and the Abbott Aeroset analysers.

Results: The median (interquartile range) eGFR calculated by the abbreviated MDRD equation using the creatinine results obtained by each method were 45.

Measurement of serum albumin by capillary zone electrophoresis, bromocresol green, bromocresol purple, and immunoassay methods.

Background/aims: The introduction of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to this laboratory has highlighted discrepancies in albumin measured on an Abbott Aeroset by bromocresol green (BCG) and that calculated by CZE on the basis of total protein measured by Biuret.

Methods: This study examined differences in albumin estimation by CZE, Abbott Aeroset BCG, and Aeroset bromocresol purple (BCP), and compared these with albumin estimated by Beckman Array immunoassay.

Results: Altman and Bland analysis of results showed a positive bias of BCG with CZE (4.

Physical fitness, lipids, and apolipoproteins in the Northern Ireland Health and Activity Survey.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, lipids, and apolipoproteins in a cross-sectional study using a two-stage probability sample of the population of Northern Ireland. The main outcome measures were physical fitness using VO2max estimated by extrapolation from submaximal oxygen uptake while walking on a motor driven treadmill, and total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL2 and HDL3, and Lp(a). There were no significant relationships with fitness, after adjustment for possible confounders, with the exception of a positive relationship with HDL2 in males (P < or = 0.

APO E genotype and familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Apolipoprotein E genotypes were measured in 83 patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and in 175 blood donor controls. Following DNA extraction from peripheral blood, each sample was genotyped for the Apo E polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. No significant differences were found in the levels of the epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 alleles between the two groups, while the epsilon 4 allele was approximately twice as prevalent in the FH patients as in controls (P = 0.

Systemic lytic state is not a predictor of coronary reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction.

To investigate why approximately one third of patients thrombolysed with streptokinase fail to reperfuse, we assessed the lytic status, antistreptokinase antibody and non invasive parameters of reperfusion in 95 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with streptokinase for the first time. The lytic status was assessed by Clauss fibrinogen assay and thrombin clotting time before and 2 h after streptokinase infusion. Antistreptokinase antibody was measured prior to the infusion.